Events Pre-1600 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified. 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy. 1338 – The Battle of Arnemuiden, in which a French force defeats the English, is the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first European naval battle in which gunpowder artillery is used. 1409 – The Battle of Kherlen is the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368. 1459 – The Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is won by the Yorkists.Edward Hall. The Union of The Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre & Yorke (1548; reprinted as Hall's Chronicle 1809; quoted in English Heritage Battlefield Report: Blore Heath 1459) 1561 – King Philip II of Spain issues cedula, ordering a halt to colonizing efforts in Florida.
1601–1900 1642 – First English Civil War: The Battle of Powick Bridge, the first engagement between the primary field armies of the Royalists and the Parliamentarians, ends in a Royalist victory. 1723 – The treaty of Saint Petersburg is signed, in which Imperial Russia gains Derbent, Baku, and the coastal areas in between as well as the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Astrabad from Safavid Persia while the Shah receives Russian soldiers for domestic peacekeeping. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: John Paul Jones, naval commander of the United States, on board the , wins the Battle of Flamborough Head. 1803 – Second Anglo-Maratha War: The Battle of Assaye is fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. 1821 – Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence. 1846 – Astronomers Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune. 1868 – The Grito de Lares occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule. 1879 – The Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society is founded. 1884 – On the night of 23–24 September, the steamship Arctique runs aground near Cape Virgenes leading to the discovery of nearby placer gold, beginning the Tierra del Fuego gold rush. 1885 – Ethiopian forces under Ras Alula defeat Mahdist Sudanese forces in the battle of Kufit. 1899 – Philippine-American War: the American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.
1901–present 1905 – Norway and Sweden sign the Karlstad Treaty, peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries. 1913 – The United Mine Workers of America launch a strike which eventually escalated into the Colorado Coalfield War. 1918 – World War I: British forces capture Haifa, Acre, and Es Salt from the Ottoman Empire. 1920 – The Louisiana hurricane dissipates over Kansas after forcing around 4,500 people to evacuate and causing $1.45 million in damages. 1932 – Saudi National Day: Crown Prince (later king) Faisal of Saudi Arabia, on behalf of Ibn Saud, proclaims the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the current iteration of the Third Saudi State. 1942 – World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River. 1947 – A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes South Khorasan in Iran, killing over 500 people. 1950 – Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282 is the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II. 1951 – George VI, king of the United Kingdom, has his left lung removed in an operation after a malignant tumour was found.; 1952 – After being accused of financial improprieties, Senator Richard Nixon delivers his "Checkers speech" nationwide on television and radio, defending his actions and successfully salvaging his nomination as the Republican candidate for Vice President. 1955 – An all-white jury in Mississippi finds Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam not guilty in the torture-murder of 14-year-old African American boy Emmett Till. 1956 – A tropical storm originating in the eastern Pacific Ocean passes into the Gulf of Mexico and is upgraded and named Hurricane Flossy just hours before striking the Gulf Coast and causing 15 deaths and an estimated US$24.8 million in damages. 1957 – Little Rock schools integration crisis: President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock, Arkansas, and federalizes the Arkansas National Guard, ordering both to support the integration of Little Rock Central High School. 1961 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy nominates African American civil rights lawyer Thurgood Marshall to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, although pro-segregation Southern senators manage to delay his confirmation until September 11, 1962. 1962 – Flying Tiger Line Flight 923, a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation registered as N6923C, ditches into the Atlantic Ocean killing 28 out the 76 occupants onboard. The remaining 48 were rescued six hours later. 1964 – Typhoon Wilda, one of the strongest typhoons to ever strike Japan, makes landfall, causing at least 30 fatalities and sinking at least 64 ships. 1967 – Seven people die, 46 people are injured, and more than 150 boats capsize when a squall hits Lake Michigan during Michigan's first coho salmon sport fishing season.; 1973 – Argentine general election: Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina. 1983 – Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 112 people on board. 1999 – Qantas Flight 1 overruns a runway in Bangkok during a storm, causing minor injuries to some passengers. 2004 – Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides. 2008 – Matti Saari kills ten people at a school in Finland before committing suicide. 2010 – Teresa Lewis becomes the first woman to be executed by the U.S. state of Virginia since 1912, and the first woman in the state to be executed by lethal injection. 2013 – Twenty-five people are killed after Typhoon Usagi passes Hong Kong and China. 2019 – Twenty people die on the first of two days of rioting in Papua and West Papua over an alleged racist incident.; 2020 – A grand jury in Kentucky declines to indict three police officers for the shooting death of Breonna Taylor in a drug raid gone wrong, leading to nationwide protests in the U.S.; 2022 – Voting begins in the five-day sham annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, leading to Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts.; ; 2024 – Israel launches airstrikes against Hezbollah targets in Lebanon, killing more than 490 people.
Births Pre-1600 63 BC – Augustus, Roman emperor (died 14 AD) 1158 – Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (died 1186) 1215 – Kublai Khan, Mongolian emperor (died 1294) 1495 – Bagrat III of Imereti, King of Imereti (died 1565) 1597 – Francesco Barberini, Catholic cardinal (died 1679) 1598 – Eleonore Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1655)
1601–1900 1642 – Giovanni Maria Bononcini, Italian violinist and composer (died 1678) 1647 – Joseph Dudley, English politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (died 1720) 1650 – Jeremy Collier, English bishop and theologian (died 1726) 1713 – Ferdinand VI of Spain (died 1759) 1740 – Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (died 1813) 1756 – John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer (died 1836) 1768 – William Wallace Scottish mathematician (invented the eidograph) (died 1843) 1771 – Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (died 1840) 1778 – Mariano Moreno, Argentinian journalist, lawyer, and politician (died 1811) 1781 – Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (died 1860) 1791 – Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer and academic (died 1865) 1791 – Theodor Körner, German soldier and author (died 1813) 1800 – William Holmes McGuffey, American author and academic (died 1873) 1819 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist and academic (died 1896) 1823 – John Colton, English-Australian politician, 13th Premier of South Australia (died 1902) 1838 – Victoria Woodhull, American journalist and activist (died 1927) 1851 – Ellen Hayes, American mathematician and astronomer (died 1930) 1852 – James Carroll Beckwith, American painter and academic (died 1917) 1852 – William Stewart Halsted, American physician and surgeon (died 1922) 1853 – Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen (died 1923) 1861 – Robert Bosch, German engineer and businessman, founded Robert Bosch GmbH (died 1942) 1863 – Mary Church Terrell, American author and activist (died 1954) 1863 – Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist (died 1943) 1865 – Pekka Halonen, Finnish painter (died 1933) 1865 – Emma Orczy, Hungarian-English author and playwright (died 1947) 1865 – Suzanne Valadon, French model and painter (died 1938) 1867 – John Lomax, American teacher, musicologist, and folklorist (died 1948) 1869 – Mary Mallon, American cook and typhoid carrier (died 1938) 1876 – Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli rabbi and scholar (died 1968) 1880 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish biologist, physician, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1971) 1887 – Alfieri Maserati, Italian auto racer and engineer (established Maserati Racing) (died 1932) 1889 – Walter Lippmann, American journalist and publisher, co-founded The New Republic (died 1974) 1890 – Friedrich Paulus, German field marshal (died 1957) 1895 – Miron Merzhanov, Russian architect and engineer (died 1975) 1895 – Johnny Mokan, American baseball player (died 1985) 1897 – Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (died 1994) 1897 – Walter Pidgeon, Canadian-American actor and singer (died 1984) 1898 – Les Haylen, Australian journalist and politician (died 1977) 1899 – Tom C. Clark, American lawyer and judge, 59th Attorney General of the United States (died 1977) 1899 – Louise Nevelson, American sculptor (died 1988) 1900 – Fred C. Koch, American chemical engineer and entrepreneur (Koch Industries) (died 1996) 1900 – Bill Stone, English soldier (died 2009)
1901–present 1901 – Jaroslav Seifert, Czech poet and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1986) 1902 – Su Buqing, Chinese mathematician and academic (died 2003) 1903 – Cec Fifield, Australian rugby league player and coach (died 1957) 1904 – Arthur Folwell, English-Australian rugby league player, coach, and administrator (died 1966) 1906 – Charles Ritchie, Canadian diplomat, High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom (died 1995) 1907 – Tiny Bradshaw, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1958) 1907 – Anne Desclos, French journalist and author (died 1998) 1907 – Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza (died 1976) 1908 – Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Indian poet, academic, and politician (died 1974) 1909 – Lorenc Antoni, Kosovo-Albanian composer and conductor (died 1991) 1910 – Elliott Roosevelt, American general, writer and son of FDR (died 1990) 1910 – Jakob Streit, Swiss anthroposophist and author (died 2009) 1911 – Frank Moss, American lawyer and politician (died 2003) 1912 – Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Pakistani linguist, author, and critic (died 2005) 1912 – Tony Smith, American sculptor and educator (died 1980) 1913 – Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter and sculptor (died 2007) 1915 – Julius Baker, American flute player and educator (died 2003) 1915 – Clifford Shull, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2001) 1916 – Aldo Moro, Italian academic and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Italy (died 1978) 1917 – El Santo, Mexican Luchador enmascarado, film actor, and folk icon (died 1984) 1917 – Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (died 2006) 1920 – Mickey Rooney, American actor, singer, director, and producer (died 2014) 1923 – Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian journalist (died 2016) 1923 – Vello Helk, Estonian-Danish historian and author (died 2014) 1924 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan journalist and publisher (died 1978) 1925 – Denis C. Twitchett, English historian and scholar (died 2006)