Fares al-Khoury (; November 20, 1877 – January 2, 1962) was a Syrian politician whom served as the prime minister of Syria from October 14, 1944 to October 1, 1945 and again from November 3, 1954 until February 13, 1955, alongside having served as Minister of Finance under Ali al-Rikabi, the first Syrian Permanent Representative to the United Nations and as President of the Chamber of Deputies on four occasions, from November 21, 1938 until March 31, 1949. Fares Khoury's position as prime minister is, as of 2025, the highest political position a Syrian Christian has ever reached.

al-Khoury's electoral popularity was due in part to his staunch secularist and nationalist policies. As a Syrian nationalist, al-Khoury never compromised on his principles and was resolutely against pan-Arabism and the ill-fated union between Syria and Egypt. al-Khoury opposed the short-lived United Arab Republic. He was the grandfather of noted Syrian novelist Colette Khoury.

Early years al-Khoury was born in Kfeir in the Hasbaya District in modern-day Lebanon to a Greek Orthodox Christian family that, according to Faris' own memoirs, had originally came from the village of Ayn Halya in Kaza Al-Zabadani.فارس عن نفسه قال ان اسم والده يعقوب بن جبور بن يعقوب بن ابراهيم الخوري . وقد اخبره جده جبور عن اسلافه قال : جاء جدنا الاكبر الخوري جرجس ابو رزق الى كفير حاصبيا مع اخيه عبد الله من قضاء الزبداني ومعها عائلات ابي جمره وخلف والحاج وغيرها The family eventually converted to Presbyterianism. Faris studied at the American University of Beirut, at the time called Syrian Protestant College. He started his career as an instructor at AUB and became involved in Al-Fatat, the leading anti-Ottoman movement, after its formation in Paris in 1911.

Political career Khoury became the Christian member of the Ottoman Parliament representing Damascus in 1914 but resigned in 1916. In May 1916 Khoury agreed to assist Michel Sursock, a wartime profiteer, in requisitioning grain from farmers in the Hawran.Fawaz, Leila Tarazi (2014) a land of aching hearts : the Middle East in the Great War Harvard University Press. . p.122 Also 1916, Khoury joined the Arab resistance and promised to support the Arab Revolt, launched from Mecca by Sharif Husayn. His connections with Husayn, the prime nationalist of his era, resulted in his arrest and trial by a military tribunal in Aley. After King Faisal's arrival and liberation of Syria, Khoury pledged allegiance to Faisal as the newly-established King of Syria.

On September 18, 1918, Khoury created a preliminary government with a group of notables in Damascus, spearheaded by Prince Sa’id al-Jaza’iri. Khoury then became Minister of Finance in the new Syrian cabinet of Prime Minister Ali al-Rikabi. His post was renewed by Prime Minister Hashim al-Atassi in May 1920. He held this position until King Faisal was dethroned and the French Colonial forces imposed their mandate on Syria in July 1920. Khoury laid the groundwork for the Syrian Ministry of Finance, created its infrastructure, distributed its administrative duties, formulated its laws, and handpicked its staff. In 1923, he helped found Damascus University, and along with a group of veteran educators, translated its entire curriculum from Ottoman Turkish into Arabic.

In 1925, Khoury joined Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar to form the People's Party, of which he became vice-president. Minister of Education from April to July 1926, he was elected member of the Syrian Constituent Assembly in 1928, then elected to the Council of Representatives in 1932, re-elected in 1936 and served as the president of the Chamber of Deputies and again in 1943 alongside as president of the Chamber of Deputies until 1944. He was a member of the Syrian delegation that negotiated the Franco-Syrian Treaty in Paris in 1936.

He became Prime Minister from October 14, 1944, till October 1, 1945, then again president of the Chamber of Deputies until Husni al-Za'im's coup and subsequent dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies in April 1949. After elections were held in October 1954, he returned as Prime Minister from October 25, 1954, till February 13, 1955, when his pro-Western government, hostile to a union with Egypt, was toppled by the Chamber of Deputies.

Foundation of the United Nations Fares Khoury was the first Syrian statesman to visit the United States and represent his country in 1945 at the inauguration of the UN. Syria was one of the original 53 founding members of the United Nations. As the head of Syria's delegation in San Francisco, Faris al-Khoury's superb oratory and astuteness made a strong impression in front of world leaders. After hearing Khoury's eloquent speech, a US diplomat remarked: "It is impossible for a country with men like these, to be occupied!"

One of the stories in the history of the United Nations is when Faris Al-Khoury sat in France's chair instead of Syria's, After a few minutes, the French representative to the UN approached Faris and asked him to leave the chair, but Faris ignored him and looked at his watch. A couple of minutes later, the French representative asked Faris to leave immediately, but Faris kept on ignoring him, staring at his watch.

After 25 minutes of sitting in France's chair, Faris left the chair and said to the French representative: "You could not bear watching me sitting in your chair for a mere 25 minutes, Your country has occupied mine for more than 25 years, hasn't the time of your troops departure come yet?". The process of Syria's independence started in this same UN session.

Later years and death In his old age, al-Khoury spent more time with his wife, child, and three grandchildren, Fares Jr, Colette, and Samer. He continued to travel to attend annual law conventions in Switzerland, until he fractured his leg and was forced to stay at home for the final two years of his life.

Death On January 2, 1962, al-Khoury died in Damascus at the age of 84. He received presidential honors at his funeral as one of the founders of the Syrian Republic, unlike any prime minister before or after him. Muslim community leaders were allowed to recite the Quran during the condolence service. Suheil al-Khury accepted this rare act to show how secular his father had been, and how close he had been to both Muslims and Christians. Faris al-Khoury's death came three months after the dissolution of the United Arab Republic between Egypt and Syria (1958–1961) during which he was an active political opponent.

Personal opinions

Status of the Hatay Province As a Syrian nationalist, he considered the territorial transfer of Hatay Province to Turkey by the French government as illegal under international law.Yearbook of the ILC, 1950, vol. 1. p. 77 For that reason, he also opposed the proposal to declare every unprovoked invasion by armed gangs of another country as criminal under international law, claiming that such gangs often served interests of national liberation of certain territories.Yearbook of the ILC, 1950, vol. 1, pp. 119, 169 However, he considered the refusal of government parties to a dispute to submit to UN Security Council resolutions as an international crime.Yearbook of the ILC, 1950, vol. 1, p. 168

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