Pitcairnia

Pitcairnia is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. It was named after William Pitcairn, Scottish physician and gardener (1711–1791). Pitcairnia ranks as the second most species-rich genus in the family Bromeliaceae, after Tillandsia. They are most abundant in Colombia, Peru and Brazil, but can also be found in areas from Cuba and Mexico south to Argentina. One species, Pitcairnia feliciana, is found in tropical West Africa, and is the only member of the family Bromeliaceae not native to the Americas.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

Almost all Pitcairnias are terrestrial or saxicolous, and prefer moist areas. However, many are found growing epiphytically in trees.

Taxonomy Pitcairnia was established as a genus by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle in 1788. In 1870, Pepinia was established as a genus by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart in a publication by Édouard André. Pepinia was reduced to a subgenus of Pitcairnia in 1881 by John Gilbert Baker, but elevated again to a genus in 1988, largely on the basis of the morphology of its seeds. The use of morphological characters to differentiate Pepinia from Pitcairnia was rejected in 1999; a view confirmed later by multiple molecular studies.

Species , Plants of the World Online accepted 407 species, including those formerly placed in the genus Pepinia, now treated as Pitcairnia subgenus Pepinia. Pitcairnia abundans L.B.Sm. – Oaxaca, Nayarit Pitcairnia abyssicola Leme & L.Kollmann – Espírito Santo Pitcairnia acicularis L.B.Sm. – Lambayeque Pitcairnia adscendens L.B.Sm. – Valle del Cauca Pitcairnia aequatorialis L.B.Sm. – Ecuador Pitcairnia agavifolia L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia agavifolia (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – State of Amazonas in Venezuela Pitcairnia alata L.B.Sm. – Ecuador Pitcairnia albiflos Herb. – Rio de Janeiro Pitcairnia albifolia Cáceres Gonz. & A.Ibáñez Pitcairnia albolutea J.R.Grant – Venezuela Pitcairnia alborubra Baker, syn. Pepinia alborubra (Baker) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia alexanderi (H.Luther) D.C.Taylor & H.Rob. – Ecuador Pitcairnia altensteinii (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Lem. – Venezuela Pitcairnia altoatratoensis G.S.Varad. & Forero – Colombia Pitcairnia amblyosperma L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia amblyosperma (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Puebla Pitcairnia amboroensis Ibisch, R.Vásquez, E.Gross & M.Kessler – Bolivia Pitcairnia anarosae Gonz.-Rocha, Mejía-Marín & Espejo Pitcairnia ancuashii L.B.Sm. & Read – Peru Pitcairnia andreana Linden – Colombia Pitcairnia andreetae H.Luther – Ecuador Pitcairnia angustifolia Aiton – Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Pitcairnia anomala Hoehne, syn. Pepinia anomala (Hoehne) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Mato Grosso Pitcairnia aphelandriflora Lem., syn. Pepinia aphelandriflora (Lem.) André – Panama, Peru, Ecuador Pitcairnia archeri L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia arcuata (André) André – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador Pitcairnia arenaria H.Luther – Peru Pitcairnia arenicola L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia arida L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia armata Maury, syn. Pepinia armata (Maury) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Venezuela Pitcairnia asplundii L.B.Sm. – Huánuco Pitcairnia atrorubens (Beer) Baker – from Nayarit south to Colombia Pitcairnia attenuata L.B.Sm. & Read, syn. – Peru Pitcairnia augusti Harms Pitcairnia aurea Rusby ex L.B.Sm. – Bolivia Pitcairnia aureobrunnea Rauh – Peru Pitcairnia azouryi Martinelli & Forzza – Espírito Santo Pitcairnia bakeri (André) Mez – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia bakiorum Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia barbatostigma Leme & A.P.Fontana – Espírito Santo Pitcairnia barrigae L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia basincurva L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia beachiae Utley & Burt-Utley, syn. Pepinia beachiae (Utley & Burt-Utley) H.Luther – Costa Rica Pitcairnia bella L.B.Sm. – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia bergii H.Luther – Ecuador Pitcairnia betancurii L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia beycalema Beer – Rio de Janeiro Pitcairnia bicolor L.B.Sm. & Read – Colombia Pitcairnia bifaria L.B.Sm. – Peru Pitcairnia biflora L.B.Sm. – Peru Pitcairnia bifrons (Lindl.) Read – Guadeloupe, St. Kitts Pitcairnia bifurcatispina Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia billbergioides L.B.Sm. – Peru Pitcairnia brachysperma André – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia brackeana Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia bradei Markgr., syn. Pepinia bradei (Markgraf) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Minas Gerais, Brasília Pitcairnia breedlovei L.B.Sm. – Oaxaca, Chiapas Pitcairnia brevicalycina Mez – Venezuela, Peru Pitcairnia brittoniana (Mez) Mez – Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia Pitcairnia bromeliifolia L'Hér. – Jamaica Pitcairnia brongniartiana André – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia brunnescens L.B.Sm. – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia bulbosa L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia bulbosa (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Colombia, Venezuela Pitcairnia burle-marxii Braga & Sucre – Espírito Santo Pitcairnia buscalionii W.Till – State of Amazonas in Brazil Pitcairnia caduciflora Rauh & E.Gross – Ecuador Pitcairnia calatheoides L.B.Sm. – Peru Pitcairnia calcicola J.R.Grant & J.F.Morales – Costa Rica Pitcairnia calderonii Standl. & L.B.Sm. – Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras Pitcairnia calophylla L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia camposii H.Luther – Peru Pitcairnia cana B.Holst – State of Amazonas in Venezuela Pitcairnia cantuoides R.Vásquez & Ibisch – Bolivia Pitcairnia capitata L.B.Sm. – Nariño in Colombia Pitcairnia capixaba Fraga & Leme – Espírito Santo Pitcairnia cardenasii L.B.Sm. – Bolivia Pitcairnia caricifolia Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f., syn. Pepinia caricifolia (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil Pitcairnia carinata Mez – Rio de Janeiro Pitcairnia carioana Wittm. – Chiapas, Guatemala Pitcairnia carnea Beer – Panama Pitcairnia carnososepala Rauh & Gross, syn. Pepinia carnososepala (Rauh & E.Gross) H.Luther – Ecuador Pitcairnia cassapensis Mez – Peru Pitcairnia cataractae Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia caulescens (K.Koch ex Mez) Mez – Venezuela Pitcairnia cerrateana L.B.Sm. – Ancash in Peru Pitcairnia chiapensis Miranda – Chiapas Pitcairnia chiquitana R.Vásquez & Ibisch – Bolivia Pitcairnia chiriguana A.Cast. – Salta in Argentina Pitcairnia chiriquensis L.B.Sm. – Panama Pitcairnia chocoensis L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia clarkii H.Luther – Ecuador Pitcairnia clavata L.B.Sm. – Peru Pitcairnia cofanorum Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia colimensis L.B.Sm. – Colima, Michoacán Pitcairnia commixta L.B.Sm. – Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia compostelae McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit Pitcairnia condorensis Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia corallina Linden & André, syn. Pepinia corallina (Linden & André) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Colombia, Peru, northern Brazil Pitcairnia corcovadensis Wawra – Rio de Janeiro Pitcairnia cosangaensis Gilmartin – Ecuador Pitcairnia costata L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia costata (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Colombia Pitcairnia crassa L.B.Sm. – Bolivia Pitcairnia cremersii Gouda – Suriname, French Guiana Pitcairnia crinita E.Pereira & Martinelli, syn. Pepinia martinellii H.Luther, nom. superfl. – Pará Pitcairnia cristalinensis (Leme) D.C.Taylor & H.Rob., syn. Pepinia cristalinensis Leme – Goiás Pitcairnia croatii H.Luther – Panama Pitcairnia ctenophylla L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia ctenophylla (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – State of Bolívar in Venezuela Pitcairnia cuatrecasasiana L.B.Sm. Pitcairnia cubensis (Mez) L.B.Sm. – Cuba Pitcairnia curvidens L.B.Sm. & Read – Minas Gerais Pitcairnia cuzcoensis L.B.Sm. – Cusco in Peru Pitcairnia cyanopetala Ule – Peru Pitcairnia cylindrostachya L.B.Sm. – Jalisco, Mexico State, Oaxaca, Nayarit Pitcairnia decidua L.B.Sm. – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais Pitcairnia decurvata L.B.Sm. – Peru Pitcairnia delicata H.Luther – Colombia Pitcairnia dendroidea André – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia densiflora Brongn. ex Lem. – Veracruz, Guerrero Pitcairnia deroosei Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia devansayana André – Ecuador Pitcairnia diffusa L.B.Sm. – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia divaricata Wittm. – Bolivia Pitcairnia diversifolia Leme & A.P.Fontana Pitcairnia dodsonii H.Luther – Ecuador Pitcairnia dolichopetala Harms – Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia domingensis L.B.Sm. – Dominican Republic Pitcairnia echinata Hook. – Colombia, Venezuela Pitcairnia egleri L.B.Sm. – Pará Pitcairnia elizabethae L.B.Sm. – Hispaniola Pitcairnia ellenbergii L.B.Sm. – Cusco in Peru Pitcairnia elliptica Mez & Sodiro – Ecuador Pitcairnia elongata L.B.Sm. – Peru, Colombia, Ecuador Pitcairnia elvirae D.C.Taylor & H.Rob., syn. Pepinia verrucosa E.Gross – Ecuador Pitcairnia encholirioides L.B.Sm. – Rio de Janeiro Pitcairnia ensifolia Mez, syn. Pepinia ensifolia (Mez) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Goiás Pitcairnia epiphytica L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia epiphytica (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – State of Amazonas in Venezuela Pitcairnia eximia Mez – Junín in Peru Pitcairnia explosiva L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia exserta L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia farinosa L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia feliciana (A.Chev.) Harms & Mildbr. – Guinea in West Africa Pitcairnia fendleri (Mez) Mez – Venezuela Pitcairnia ferrell-ingramiae H.Luther & Dalström – Ecuador Pitcairnia ferreyrae L.B.Sm. – Ucayali in Peru Pitcairnia filifera L.B.Sm. ex H.Luther – Peru Pitcairnia filispina L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia filispina (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – State of Amazonas in Venezuela Pitcairnia fimbriatobracteata Rauh, syn. Pepinia fimbriatobracteata (Rauh) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Peru Pitcairnia flagellaris L.B.Sm. – Guatemala, Honduras Pitcairnia flammea Lindl. – southeastern Brazil Pitcairnia flavescenta Matuda Pitcairnia flexuosa L.B.Sm. – Guatemala, El Salvador, central + southern Mexico Pitcairnia floresii Gouda & Ric.Fernández – Peru Pitcairnia fluvialis L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia foliacea L.B.Sm. – Michoacán Pitcairnia foreroi H.Luther & G.S.Varad. – Colombia Pitcairnia formosa L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia fosteriana L.B.Sm. – Colombia Pitcairnia fractifolia L.B.Sm. – Peru Pitcairnia frequens L.B.Sm. & B.Holst ex Saraiva & Forzza – State of Amazonas in Brazil Pitcairnia fruticosa L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia fuertesii Mez – Hispaniola Pitcairnia funkiae M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm. – Costa Rica Pitcairnia fusca H.Luther – Ecuador Pitcairnia gemmipara L.B.Sm. & Betancur – Colombia Pitcairnia geotropa J.R.Grant – Panama Pitcairnia geyskesii L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia geyskesii (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – northern Brazil, the Guianaa Pitcairnia glauca Leme & A.P.Fontana – Espírito Santo Pitcairnia glaziovii Baker – Rio de Janeiro Pitcairnia glymiana K.Koch – described 1868 from material collected in Caribbean; probably extinct Pitcairnia goudae Manzan. & W.Till – Ecuador Pitcairnia graniticola B.Holst, syn. – State of Bolívar in Venezuela Pitcairnia grubbiana L.B.Sm. – Boyacá in Colombia Pitcairnia guaritermae André – Cundinamarca in Colombia Pitcairnia gutteana W.Weber – Peru Pitcairnia guzmanioides L.B.Sm. – Costa Rica, Peru, Colombia Pitcairnia halophila L.B.Sm. – Costa Rica, Panama Pitcairnia hammelii H.Luther, syn. Pepinia hammelii (H.Luther) H.Luther – Panama Pitcairnia harlingii L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia harlingii (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Ecuador Pitcairnia harrylutheri D.C.Taylor & H.Rob. – Ecuador Pitcairnia hatschbachii E.Pereira – Goiás Pitcairnia haughtii L.B.Sm. – Cauca in Colombia Pitcairnia heerdeae E.Gross & Rauh – Colombia Pitcairnia heliophila L.B.Sm., syn. Pepinia heliophila (L.B.Sm.) G.S.Varad. & Gilmartin – Colombia Pitcairnia heterophylla (Lindl.) Beer – Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America, central + southern Mexico Pitcairnia heydlauffii R.Vásquez & Ibisch – Bolivia Pitcairnia hintoniana L.B.Sm. – México State, Guerrero Pitcairnia hirtzii H.Luther – Ecuador