A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner elections. In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one ticket. Voters can usually vote directly for the party-list, but in other systems voters may vote directly for individual candidates within or across party lists (such systems are referred to as open list and panachage), instead of voting directly for parties (mixed electoral systems).
Most commonly, party-list systems refer to party-list proportional representation, but there are other electoral systems using party-lists including the general ticket (party block voting) and mixed electoral systems. Not only are not all party-list systems proportional, not all proportional systems are party-list systems. Candidates who won their seats from a party-list are called list MPs.
Types party-list systems
By proportionality of representation
proportional party-list systems, including list PR and MMP semi-proportional party-list systems, including parallel voting and AMS plurality/majoritarian party-list system (general ticket)
By candidate selection
Open-list Closed-list Local list Two-tier party-list systems Ley de Lemas
By ballot type
single vote mixed ballot panachage double simultaneous vote
Other
mixed electoral systems that use party-list PR to allocate some, but not all seats
See also
Election List of electoral systems by country Comparison of electoral systems Outline of democracy Multi-member district Single transferable vote Party-list proportional representation Straight-ticket voting Group voting ticket
References