The Eudaminae are a subfamily of skipper butterflies (family Hesperiidae). Their original type genus Eudamus is today a junior synonym of Urbanus. They are largely found in the Neotropics, with some extending into temperate North America, and one genus, Lobocla, endemic to East Asia. (2009): Tree of Life Web Project – Eudaminae. Version of 2009-JUN-11. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24. Some species in several genera are commonly known as flashers.
Taxonomy The Eudaminae have been recent subject to significant taxonomic revisions based on genome analysis, including by Brower & Warren 2009, and Li et al. 2019.
Historically, the subfamily has been included as tribe Eudamini in subfamily Pyrginae, based on perceived similarities with two of the tribes in that subfamily, the Celaenorrhinini and Pyrgini. As of Li et al. 2019, the Eudaminae are divided into four tribes: Entheini, Phocidini, Eudamini and Oileidini.
Current status and subdivisions Except where otherwise noted, the classification below follows Li et al., 2019:
Tribe Entheini Drephalys Watson, 1893 Udranomia A. Butler, 1870 Phanus Hübner, Hyalothyrus Mabille, 1878 Entheus Hübner, Augiades Hübner, Tarsoctenus E. Watson, 1893
Tribe Phocidini Phocides Hübner, Pseudonascus Austin, 2008 Nascus E. Watson, 1893 Aurina Evans, 1937 Emmelus O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2016 Porphyrogenes E. Watson, 1893 Nicephellus Austin, 2008 Salatis Evans, 1952 Salantoia Grishin, 2019 Sarmientoia Berg, 1897 Bungalotis E. Watson, 1893 Euriphellus Austin, 2008 Dyscophellus Godman & Salvin, 1893 Phareas Westwood, 1852 Ornilius Grishin, 2022 Fulvatis Grishin, 2022 Adina Grishin, 2022
Tribe Eudamini Subtribe Eudamina Cecropterus Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 Spicauda Grishin, 2019 Urbanus Hübner, Telegonus Hübner, Autochton Hübner, 1823 Spathilepia A. Butler, 1870 Astraptes Hübner, Narcosius Steinhauser, 1986 Proteides Hübner, Epargyreus Hübner, Chioides Lindsey, 1921
Subtribe Loboclina Aguna R. Williams, 1927 Zeutus Grishin, 2019 Lobocla Moore, 1884 Lobotractus Grishin, 2019 Codatractus Lindsey, 1921 Zestusa Lindsey, 1925 Ridens Evans, 1952 Venada Evans, 1952
Subtribe Cephisina Cephise Evans, 1952
Subtribe Telemiadina Ectomis Mabille, 1878 Telemiades Hübner, Polygonus Hübner,
Tribe Oileidini Subtribe Oileidina Flattoides Grishin, 2019 Oileides Hübner,
Subtribe Typhedanina Typhedanus A. Butler, 1870 Oechydrus E. Watson, 1893 Cogia A. Butler, 1870 Nerula Mabille, 1888 Marela Mabille, 1903
Footnotes and references