Moksha (, ) is a river in central Russia, a right tributary of the Oka. It flows through Penza Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Ryazan Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia, and joins the Oka near Pyatnitsky Yar, near the city of Kasimov.
It is in length, and has a drainage basin of .«Река МОКША», Russian State Water Registry
In the 1950s, several hydroelectric power stations were built in the middle course of the river, but without navigable locks. In 1955, 2 km below the mouth of the river. Prices on the Moksha River built Rasypukhinsky hydro-power plant with a hydroelectric power station and a wooden shipping lock. Navigation on the river was carried out until the mid-1990s.
On the Moksha is the Trinity-Scans monastery, the Nativity-Theotokos Sanaksar Monastery and the Krasnoslobodsky Savior-Transfiguration Monastery.
Origin of name and cultural significance
The name is connected to the ancient Indo-European population of the Pohje, speaking a language close to the Baltic. Hydronym is comparable with the Indo-European basis meksha, meaning "spillage, leakage". It is suggested that in the language of Indo-European aborigines moksha meant "stream, current, river" and as a term entered into a series of hydronyms (Shirmksha, Mamoksha, etc.).Поспелов Е. М.
The name "Moksha" is mentioned by the monk-minorite Rubruk, the ambassador of the French King Louis IX to the Mongolian khan Sartak (1253). It is also the self-designation for the eponymous Finno-Ugric ethnic group of Mokshas that have settled between the river and its tributary Oka as a tribe before the Middle Ages.
Sources In the monograph "The Nature of the Penza Region" it is pointed out that p. Moksha originates from above. Lookout Nechaevsky (now Mokshan district) of the Penza region. According to the latest information, Moksha begins in a ravine from the springs system near the village of Elizavetino. The source of Moksha is on a treeless place. Research conducted in 2009-2010. Showed that from the south with. Lookout among the elevated places stretches low (up to Elizavetino) about long. This site is called "Dry Moksha". In the hollow with a sandy and clay bottom deep, a creeping stream of in width runs (the study was conducted in May 2010). The constant flow of water is observed below the confluence of the hollow from the holy spring, where a small extension of the channel also forms. A true watercourse flows towards Vision in a poorly developed channel. In some places, the banks collapse in the face of the knocking out of them groundwater flowing into the channel. The bottom of the lowland where the stream flows is swamped. Along the banks of the stream, shrubs of willows, thickets of broadleaf cattails, reeds of forest and some other moisture-loving plants grow in the water. Thus, the source of Moksha is a drying creek, now fueled by thawed and groundwater. It stretches to c. The look gradually turning into a constant stream.[Артаев О. Н., Варгот Е. В., Ручин А. Б., Гришуткин О. Г. "О МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИИ ИСТОКА РЕКИ МОКШИ" - Журнал "Известия ПГУ им В.Г. Белинского 2011, Выпуск No. 25 с. 650-651]
Tributaries The Moksha has the following tributaries, from mouth to source:
49 km: Yezhachka 51 km: Tsna 82 km: Urzeva (Chyornaya Rechka) 105 km: Vad 121 km: Yermish 135 km: Shoksha 144 km: Yuzga 150 km: Vyazhka 160 km: Vedyazha 170 km: Varnava 177 km: Uzhovka 183 km: Sarma 191 km: Satis 231 km: Lomovka 248 km: Bolshoy Aksel 258 km: Urey (Ureyka) 266 km: Shavits (Varskley) 294 km: Nuluy 295 km: Urkat 302 km: Sukhoy Urey 310 km: Varma 338 km: Sivin 346 km: Shapa 351 km: Gumenka 360 km: Ryabka 373 km: Linyevka 388 km: Bolshaya Azyas 412 km: Sezelka 418 km: Mokshan 420 km: Lashma 432 km: Unuy 437 km: Issa 464 km: Panzha 477 km: Sheldais 492 km: Kamora 497 km: Kaurets 500 km: Modayev 532 km: Lomovka 540 km: Atmiss 545 km: Iva 553 km: Kerka 562 km: Losma (near the village Gorlitsyno) 563 km: Vyunka 586 km: Medayevka (Madayevka) 596 km: Muromka (Shirkoiss) 599 km: Skachki 604 km: Yulovka 620 km: Azyas 624 km: Saranka
References