In Taiwan, parliamentary elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of Taiwan. The current electoral system was introduced in 2008. The constitutional amendments of 2005 extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113, and abolished the National Assembly, originally another governmental organ equivalent to a chamber of parliament.
Current electoral system Members are elected by parallel voting: 73 members by first-past-the-post in single-member districts 6 by single non-transferable voting in multi-member districts, exclusive for persons with indigenous status 34 by party-list proportional representation voting
Single-member constituencies The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was initially a major political issue in the early years, with bargaining between the government and the legislature. Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way. The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots: "Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC, while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature. Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party's scheme, and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non-partisan Solidarity Union, People First Party, Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union."January 31, 2007.CEC Completes Legislative Constituency Redistricting . Taiwan Headlines. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
Under Articles 35 and 37 of the , the electoral constituencies are to be revised every ten years based on population density. Demographic data is obtained by investigation of household registration and should be compiled two years and two months before the tenure of current legislators end. The Central Election Commission reviews the boundaries, then submits any proposed alterations to the Legislative Yuan 20 months before the election for final consent and announcement.
Indigenous districts Six seats are reserved for indigenous peoples. They are elected by single non-transferable vote in two 3-member constituencies for lowland aborigines and highland aborigines respectively. This system did not fulfil the promise in the treaty-like document A New Partnership Between the Indigenous Peoples and the Government of Taiwan, where each of the 13 recognised indigenous peoples was to get at least one seat, and the distinction between highland and lowland abolished.
Party-list Seats are allocated using the largest remainder method with the Hare quota which, with 34 seats, is 2.9412%. A party's vote share must exceed a threshold of 5% to win any seats. Votes for parties which do not pass the threshold are first excluded. The vote share for the remaining parties are calculated. A party is allocated one seat for every 2.9412% of votes. The remaining seats are allocated in succession to the party with the largest remainder.
For each party, at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female. Therefore, with an odd number of seats, females will always outnumber males.
Parliamentary elections since 1991 YearChamberOrderSeat compositionPolitical parties by popular votePolitical partyConstituencyParty listSeats1991NA2Kuomintang6,053,366Refer toconstituency254Democratic Progressive2,036,27166Democratic Nonpartisan Union193,2343Independents253,032align=right 21992LY2Kuomintang5,030,725Refer toconstituency95Democratic Progressive2,944,19551Chinese Social Democratic126,2131Independents1,331,555align=right 141995LY3Kuomintang4,349,089Refer toconstituency85Democratic Progressive3,132,15654New1,222,93121Independents730,529align=right 41996NA3Kuomintang5,180,829Refer toconstituency183Democratic Progressive3,112,73699New1,425,89646Green Party Taiwan113,9421Independents572,961align=right 51998LY4Kuomintang4,659,679Refer toconstituency123Democratic Progressive2,966,83570New708,46511Democratic Union375,1184Democratic Nonpartisan Union66,0333New Nation Alliance157,8261Taiwan Independence145,1181Independents946,431align=right 122001LY5Democratic Progressive3,447,740Refer toconstituency87Kuomintang2,949,37168People First1,917,83646Taiwan Solidarity Union801,56013New269,6201Taiwan Number One12,9171Independents899,254align=right 92004LY6Democratic Progressive3,471,429Refer toconstituency89Kuomintang3,190,08179People First1,350,61334Taiwan Solidarity Union756,71212Non-Partisan Solidarity Union353,1646New12,1371Independents577,292align=right 42005NAadhocDemocratic ProgressiveParty listonly1,647,791127Kuomintang1,508,384117Taiwan Solidarity Union273,14721People First236,71618Other parties209,560172008LY7Kuomintang5,291,5125,010,80181Democratic Progressive3,775,3523,610,10627Non-Partisan Solidarity Union239,31768,5273People First28,254—1Independents393,346align=right 12012LY8Kuomintang6,339,3015,863,37964Democratic Progressive5,763,1864,556,52640Taiwan Solidarity Union—1,178,8963People First175,032722,0893Non-Partisan Solidarity Union168,861—2Independents532,270align=right 12016LY9Democratic Progressive5,416,6835,370,95368Kuomintang4,724,3943,280,94935New Power351,244744,3155People First156,212794,3833Non-Partisan Solidarity Union27,69077,6721Independents668,446align=right 12020LY10Democratic Progressive6,383,7834,811,24161Kuomintang5,761,9954,723,50438Taiwan People's264,4781,588,8065New Power141,9521,098,1003Statebuilding141,503447,2861Independents1,086,463align=right 52024LY11Kuomintang5,401,9334,764,57652Democratic Progressive6,095,2764,982,06251Taiwan People's403,3573,040,6158Independents1,069,758align=right 2
Early parliamentary supplementary elections (1969–1989) According to the interpretation of the Constitutional Court (Judicial Yuan),J.Y. Interpretation No. 76 under the original constitution the National Assembly, Legislative Yuan, and Control Yuan were seen to constitute the Parliament in Taiwan. After 20 years of relocating the government to Taiwan, the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China amended the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion to start limited parliamentary elections. Delegates of the National Assembly中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－國民大會代表選舉 and members of the Legislative Yuan中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－立法委員選舉 are directly elected, while members of the Control Yuan中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－監察委員選舉 were indirectly elected by the provincial legislatures. The elected members served together with existing members elected by the 1947 Chinese National Assembly election, the 1948 Chinese legislative election, and the 1947-1948 Chinese Control Yuan election in the respective chambers.
YearChamber/OrderSeat compositionPolitical partySeatsDirectelectionIndirectelectionPresidentialappointmentTotal1969NAsupp.Kuomintang15151969LYsupp.Kuomintang811Independents31969CYsupp.Kuomintang12Independents11972NA1st supp.Kuomintang4353Independents101972LY1st supp.Kuomintang301151Chinese Youth10Independents541973CY1st supp.Kuomintang9415China Democratic Socialist10Independents011975LY2nd supp.Kuomintang301352Chinese Youth10Independents621980NA2nd supp.Kuomintang6376China Democratic Socialist1Independents121980LY3rd supp.Kuomintang582397Chinese Youth02Independents1221980CY2nd supp.Kuomintang16532Chinese Youth10China Democratic Socialist01Independents541983LY4th supp.Kuomintang622198Chinese Youth02China Democratic Socialist01Independents931986NA3rd supp.Kuomintang6884Democratic Progressive11China Democratic Socialist1Independents41986LY5th supp.Kuomintang5920100Democratic Progressive120Chinese Youth02China Democratic Socialist01Independents241987CY3rd supp.Kuomintang17732Chinese Youth10China Democratic Socialist01Independents421989LY6th supp.Kuomintang7222130Democratic Progressive210Chinese Youth01Independents86
See also Legislative Yuan constituencies Politics of Taiwan Presidential elections in Taiwan Elections in Taiwan
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