Central Marchigiano refers to a group of Romance varieties spoken in the central part of the Marche region of Italy, in an area that includes the provinces of Ancona, Macerata and Fermo. It is one of the Central Italian dialects and forms part of a continuum that also encompasses Umbrian and Latian. There are notable grammatical, lexical and idiomatic differences between Marchigiano and standard Italian, but it is considered, along with the rest of Central Italian dialects, to be fairly intelligible to a speaker of Standard Italian.
According to internal variation, Marchigiano is divided into two main areas: the northern area, to which belong the dialects of Ancona (Anconitano) of Osimo (Osimano), Jesi (Jesino) and Fabriano (Fabrianese) . the southern area, to which belong the dialects of Macerata (Maceratese), Fermo (Fermano) and that of Camerino (Camerte).
Common features Features that distinguish Marchigiano in general from Italian include: Apocope in words stressed on a penultimate syllable followed by . The equivalents of Italian , , and ('farmer, pigeons, dog') are , , and .Massimo Morroni, Vocabolario del dialetto osimano The presence of the ending or (from Latin ) where Italian instead has . The fact that the general masculine singular ending in nouns and adjectives may be , rather than the found in Italian. The vocalization of older . The equivalent to Italian figlio may be , fiiu, or . The loss of in infinitives (also found in Tuscan). The equivalents of Italian , , and ('love, put, die) are , , and .Carlo Grillantini, Saggi e studi sul dialetto osimano The change of older to , such that 'we eat' corresponds to Italian . Isomorphism of certain third-person both plural and singular verb endings, such that may mean either 'he/she/it loves' or 'they love'.
The verbs meaning 'be' and 'have' inflect as follows in the present indicative:
Anconitano Maceratese ItalianTranslation so so sonoI am sei (sai) ssi seiyou are è adè èhe/she/it is semo simo siamowe are sé sete sieteyou (plural) are è(-ne) adè sonothey are
Anconitano Maceratese ItalianTranslation ciò ciò hoI have ciài ci(ài) haiyou have cià cià hahe/she/it has ciavémo ciaìmo abbiamowe have ciavé ciaéte aveteyou (plural) have cià(-ne) cià hannothey have
Features of the three areas
Ancona dialect The Ancona dialect is spoken only in Ancona and has only recently spread its influence elsewhere (Falconara, Osimo, Jesi, Chiaravalle, Porto Recanati, Loreto and Senigallia). Of the Marchigiano varieties, it is the one that shows the most Gallo-Italic traits. For instance, the masculine singular definite article is always , without anything comparable to the Italian variation, according to phonetic context, between and . Only the speakers from towns which are closer to Macerata (Osimo, Castelfidardo, Loreto, Porto Recanati) use the form as in Italian. These cities also undergo other influences from the Macerata dialect, due to proximity.
Fabriano dialect The Fabriano dialect is spoken in Fabriano (closer to Umbria) and nearby towns. Rhotacism of occurs in this dialect, such that the local equivalents of Italian 'sock' and 'lightning' are and .
Macerata-Fermo dialect The Macerata-Fermo dialect is spoken in the provinces of Macerata and Fermo. Its speakers use (masculine singular) and (neuter singular) as definite articles. Notable features are rhotacism of and various assimilations that are absent from Italian: +Sound changeMaceratese wordItalian counterpartTranslation > mettennomettendoputting > gammagambaleg > piandapiantaplant > cambucampofield > callucaldohot
Vocabulary
The following is a list of Marchigian words; note that the Anconitan forms do not show gemination (, , , etc.) (adv. by this time; now); Anconitano: (n. dad; father) or (n. boy; child); Anconitano: or (n. poplar) or (adj. bitter; sour) or (n. toad/clumsy) (adv. in this way) (n. hail) (vb. to shout; to scream); Anconitano: (adj. thick) or (adj. red) or (vb. to slide) (adv. yes) jèmmete (n. cliff) mata (n. mud)
See also Central Italian dialects Tuscan Umbria Sabino dialect Marche
External links A website about the dialect of Ancona A blog about the dialect of Macerata
Notes