A nationwide abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 12 and 13 June 2011, on four questions concerning the repeal of recent laws regarding the privatisation of water services (two questions), a return to the nuclear energy which had been phased out after the 1987 referendum, and criminal procedure, specifically a provision exempting the Prime Minister and the Ministers from appearing in court. The first aim of those campaigning for a yes vote was to ensure that the quorum (50% + 1) of the electorate was reached.
Collecting the needed 500,000 signatures started in April 2010. In two months the signatures deposited were 1.4 million. The Italian Supreme Court (Court of Cassation) validated two questions about water issues in January 2011 and ruled the referendum to be held on 12–13 June 2011.
The Italians with the right to vote numbered 47,118,352 (22,604,349 men and 24,514,003 women), in addition to 3,300,496 Italians resident abroad. In order for the quorum to be reached, at least 25.209.425 votes for each question had to be cast.
Turnout, while below general election records, was higher than it had been for any referendum since 1995; on 12 June 2011, turnout had reached 11.64% at midday, and 30.32% at 19.00, indicating that the necessary quorum would likely be reached. When polls closed on 13 June 2011, turnout was 56.9%, with clear majorities of 94.6% to 96.1% in favour on all questions, meaning that about 53,8% to 54,7% of electorate approved them. Silvio Berlusconi, the then-Prime Minister, implicitly invited to boycott the vote in the hope that the required quorum would not be met.
Position of main political parties
Parties with parliamentary representation
Party 1st question 2nd question 3rd question 4th question Source Alliance for Italy Future and Freedom Italy of Values Lega Nord Movement for Autonomies Democratic Party The People of Freedom Abstain Italian Radicals South Tyrolean People's Party Union of the Centre
Parties without parliamentary representation Party1st question2nd question3rd question4th questionSourceFederation of the LeftTricolour FlameAbstainNew ForceForzanuova.org The RightAbstainFive Star MovementBeppeGrillo.it Workers' Communist PartyItalian Socialist PartyPensioners' PartyCritical LeftLeft Ecology FreedomSinistra Ecologia Liberta - BattiquorumFederation of the GreensVerdi.it
Free = Freedom of choice
High offices of the Republic The President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano declared he would take part to the referendums, without revealing his intentions regarding the votes.
The President of the Senate of the Republic Renato Schifani underlined the importance of the vote as a form of democratic participation and said he would vote.
The President of the Chamber of Deputies Gianfranco Fini declared he would vote.
The President of the Council of ministers Silvio Berlusconi declared he would not vote. His statement, "the Constitution gives the right to citizens to say yes or no to the referendum, but also to say 'I do not mind this question, I do not vote'", was considered an implicit invitation for his electorate to abstain, so that the referendums would fail quorum.
Privatization of water services Ballot Colour: Red. Description: Repeal of the law that allowed the private sector to be entrusted the management of local public services.
Profit on water services Ballot Colour: Yellow Description: Repeal of the regulations governing the determination of tariffs for water supply services, in the part where they provided that the amount must assure a return on the invested capital.
Nuclear power Ballot Colour: grey. Description: Repeal of the new laws that allowed the operation of nuclear powerplants on Italian territory.
ChoiceVotes% Yes25,643,65294.05 No1,622,0905.95Invalid/blank votes359,180–Total27,624,922100Registered voters/turnout50,594,86854.79Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior
Legal impediment Ballot Colour: green. Description: Repeal of the provisions introducing legittimo impedimento, which allowed the President of the Council of Ministers and the Ministers to be excused from appearing in court if prevented from doing so by government commitments.
ChoiceVotes% Yes25,736,27394.62 No1,462,888 5.38Invalid/blank votes422,785–Total27,622,369100Registered voters/turnout50,594,86854.78Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior
Results by region
Region Voting % Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Valle d'Aosta 60.85% Yes 96.6%No 3.4% Yes 97.0%No 3.0% Yes 95.2%No 4.8% Yes 95.8%No 4.2% Piedmont 59.00% Yes 94.7%No 5.3% Yes 95.2%No 4.8% Yes 93.1%No 6.9% Yes 94.3%No 5.7% Liguria 59.45% Yes 95.7%No 4.3% Yes 96.2%No 3.8% Yes 94.0%No 6.0% Yes 95.0%No 5.0% Lombardy 54.40% Yes 93.4%No 6.6% Yes 94.1%No 5.9% Yes 91.6%No 8.4% Yes 93.2%No 6.8% Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 64.60% Yes 96.8%No 3.2% Yes 97.1%No 2.9% Yes 96.1%No 3.9% Yes 96.3%No 3.7% Veneto 58.90% Yes 94.7%No 5.3% Yes 95.3%No 4.7% Yes 93.5%No 6.5% Yes 93.7%No 6.3% Friuli-Venezia Giulia 58.20% Yes 95.0%No 5.0% Yes 95.6%No 4.4% Yes 93.4%No 6.6% Yes 93.9%No 6.1% Emilia-Romagna 64.15% Yes 95.0%No 5.0% Yes 95.4%No 4.6% Yes 94.3%No 5.7% Yes 95.0%No 5.0% Tuscany 63.60% Yes 95.7%No 4.3%Yes 96.0%No 4.0% Yes 95.1%No 4.9% Yes 95.5%No 4.5% Marche 61.60% Yes 95.9%No 4.1%Yes 96.3%No 3.7% Yes 95.2%No 4.8% Yes 95.3%No 4.7% Umbria 59.20% Yes 95.5%No 4.5%Yes 96.1%No 3.9% Yes 94.7%No 5.3% Yes 95.1%No 4.9% Lazio 58.90% Yes 96.3%No 3.7%Yes 96.9%No 3.1% Yes 95.1%No 4.9% Yes 95.5%No 4.5% Abruzzo 57.50% Yes 96.4%No 3.5%Yes 97.0%No 3.0% Yes 95.7%No 4.3% Yes 95.6%No 4.4% Molise 58.70% Yes 97.4%No 2.6%Yes 97.8%No 2.2% Yes 96.8%No 3.2% Yes 96.5%No 3.5% Campania 52.30% Yes 97.8%No 2.2%Yes 98.1%No 1.9% Yes 96.7%No 3.3% Yes 96.8%No 3.2% Basilicata 54.35% Yes 97.3%No 2.7%Yes 97.7%No 2.3% Yes 96.8%No 3.2% Yes 96.7%No 3.3% Apulia 52.50% Yes 97.3%No 2.7%Yes 97.6%No 2.4% Yes 96.7%No 3.3% Yes 96.4%No 3.6% Calabria 50.35% Yes 98.0%No 2.0%Yes 98.3%No 1.7% Yes 97.3%No 2.7% Yes 96.9%No 3.1% Sicily 52.70% Yes 97.6%No 2.4%Yes 97.9%No 2.1% Yes 96.5%No 3.5% Yes 96.2%No 3.8% Sardinia 58.60% Yes 98.2%No 1.8%Yes 98.5%No 1.5% Yes 98.4%No 1.6% Yes 96.5%No 3.5%
References