The following is a list of Soviet military equipment of World War II which includes firearms, artillery, vehicles, aircraft and warships used by the Soviet Union (USSR). World War II, the deadliest war in history, started in 1939 and ended in 1945. In accordance with the Nazi–Soviet Pact, Nazi Germany and the USSR jointly attacked Poland in September 1939, marking the start of the war, but Germany later broke the pact and attacked the USSR in June 1941. The USSR lost 26.6 million people during the war. The war in Europe ended on 8 May 1945 with the capitulation of Germany to the allied (including Soviet) forces. About 80-90% of losses during the entire war the German armed forces suffered on the Soviet (Eastern) front, whose contribution to the victory was decisive. From 1941 to April 1945, the Soviet Union had produced 19.83 million rifles; 98.3 thousand tanks and self-propelled guns; 525.5 thousand guns and mortars; 122.1 thousand combat aircraft; 70 combat ships.

Helmets Name Type Origin Photo Notes SSh-36 Combat helmet In production from 1936 to 1941. Used until about 1943. Replaced by SSh-39 and SSh-40 helmets. SSh-39 Combat helmet Replacement for the SSh-36 helmet. SSh-40 Combat helmet Most common helmet in Soviet service. Visually different from SSh-39 by having six rivets instead of three. Simpler and sturdier liner compared to its predecessor.

Body Armour Name Type Origin Photo Notes Steel breastplate Body Armour Two 2 mm pressed steel plates that protected the front torso and groin. Used by assault engineers. They only provided limited protection against 9 mm rounds.

Knives Name Type Origin Photo Notes NR-40 Combat knife Soviet combat knife that was produced after the Winter War in 1940. AVS-36 Bayonet knife Soviet bayonet knife issued with the AVS-36 automatic rifle. The fact that the AVS-36 was used in very limited numbers; most without the bayonet; made it very rare.

Small arms

Handguns Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes Nagant M1895 Revolver 7.62×38mmR Russian Empire 7-round cylinder. Tokarev TT-33 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev 8-round magazine. Widely used by officers, did not fully replace the Nagant M1895. Improved version of the TT-30. Mauser C96 Semi-automatic pistol 7.63×25mm Mauser German Empire 10-round internal magazine. Nicknamed "Bolo". Small amount captured from German forces. Korovin pistol Semi-automatic pistol .25 ACP 8-round detachable box magazine. Produced from 1926 to 1935 in small numbers, due to complex design. Used mostly by officers. Colt M1911 Semi-automatic pistol .45 ACP 7-round detachable box magazine. Some were captured during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and put to use.А. Крылов. Оружие красных командиров // «Техника — молодёжи», № 2, 1968.Пистолет // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.464 During WW2, the USA's Lend-Lease provided 12,977 extra Colt pistols.

Rifles Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes Mosin–Nagant M1891/30 Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR 5-round internal magazine. Most widely used bolt-action rifle by the Red Army. Sniper variant was produced, that could be fitted with the PE/PEM scope or PU scope. Mosin–Nagant M1938 Carbine Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR 5-round internal magazine. Mosin–Nagant M1944 Carbine Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR 5-round internal magazine. Tokarev SVT-38 Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×54mmR 10-round magazine. Produced from 1939 to 1940. Inaccurate and prone to failure. Sniper variant was produced, that could be fitted with the PE/PEM scope or PU scope. Tokarev SVT-40 Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×54mmR 10-round magazine. Produced from 1940 to 1945. Most widely used semi-automatic rifle by the Red Army. Sniper variant was produced, that could be fitted with the PE/PEM scope or PU scope. Fedorov Avtomat Battle rifle 6.5×50mmSR Arisaka Russian Empire 25-round magazine. Produced from 1913 to 1925. Deployed during the Winter War from stockpiles due to a shortage of submachine guns. Simonov AVS-36 Battle rifle 7.62×54mmR 15-round magazine. Produced from 1934 to 1940. Overcomplicated, unreliable and difficult to control, it was soon taken out of service. Tokarev AVT-40 Battle rifle 7.62×54mmR 10-round magazine. Modified SVT-40 with a different firing selector. Produced from May 1942 until halted in the summer of 1943 due to mostly uncontrollable automatic fire and breakage.

Submachine guns Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes PPD-34 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev 25-round magazine. Based and adapted from the Suomi KP/-31, was not produced in larger quantities until 1937–1939. PPD-34/38 / PPD-40 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev 71-round magazine. Developed from PPD-34. Simplified versions, that accept a drum magazine. PPSh-41 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev 35, 71-round magazine. Produced from 1941 to 1947. Most widely used Soviet submachine gun. Very fast rate of fire (1,250 RPM). Effective in CQB. Raw quality, produced in very large numbers (about 6,000,000). PPS-42 / PPS-43 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev 35-round magazine. Produced from 1942 to 1946. Designed to be even simpler than the PPSh-41. Thompson M1928A1 Submachine gun .45 ACP 20, 30, 50-round magazine. 137,790 supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program. M50 Reising Submachine gun .45 ACP 12, 20-round magazine. Supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.

Machine guns Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes DP-27 Light machine gun 7.62×54mmR 47-round magazine. Most widely used light machine gun by the Red Army. DS-39 Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR 250-round belt. SG-43 Gorunov Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR 200, 250-round belt. PM M1910 Heavy machine gun 7.62×54mmR Russian Empire 250-round belt. DShK 1938 Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm 50-round belt. Bren Gun Light Machine Gun .303 British 30-round detachable box magazine. 2487 supplied by the British Empire during the Lend-Lease program, many mounted on Universal Carriers. Maxim-Tokarev Light Machine Gun 7.62×54mmR belt-feed, 100 rounds belt

Prototype Firearms PPD-42 - A prototype submachine gun designed by Vasily Deygtyaryov in 1942 PPK-42 - A prototype submachine gun designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov in 1942 AS-44 - A prototype assault rifle designed by Alexei Sudayev in 1944.

Explosives, hand-held anti-tank and incendiary weapons

Grenades and grenade launchers Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes Model 1914 grenade Fragmentation grenade 45mm Russian Empire Limited usage during World War II. F1 grenade Fragmentation grenade 55mm Soviet Union Widely produced grenade. Nicknamed the "limonka" (lemon). RG-41 Fragmentation grenade 55mm 5 meter kill radius. RG-42 Fragmentation grenade 54mm Produced in 1942 to replace the complex RGD-33. Soviet partisans made copies of it when they were located behind enemy lines. RGD-33 grenade Fragmentation grenade 45mm, 54mm (with fragmentation sleeve) 10–15 meter kill radius. RPG-40 / RPG-41 Anti-tank grenade 20 cm Effective against tanks up to 20mm of armour. RPG-43 Anti-tank grenade 95mm Improved version of the RPG-40. Effective against tanks up to 75mm of armour. RPG-6 Anti-tank grenade 103mm Improved version of the RPG-43. Effective against tanks up to 100mm of armour. Dyakonov grenade launcher Grenade launcher 40.5mm Grenade launcher attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifle. There were four other versions of the grenade besides the main high explosive one.

Mines Name Type Detonation Origin Photo Notes TM-35 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure 2.8 kg of TNT.TM-38Anti-tank minePressure2.95 kg of TNT. TM-41 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure 3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate. TM-44 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure 5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine. TMD-40 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure 3.2 kg of TNT. TMD-44 / TMD-B mines Anti-tank mine Pressure 9–9.7 kg of Amatol.

Recoilless rifles Name Type Calibre Origin Photo Notes 76 K/DRP Recoilless rifle 76mm Used during the Winter War. It was designed by L.V. Kurchevsky in 1930 and entered service in 1932. It was able to be mounted on GAZ-A trucks, becoming SU-4 self-propelled guns.

Infantry anti-tank rifles and rocket launchers Name Type Calibre Origin Photo Notes PTRD-41 Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm Single-shot reloadable rifle. PTRS-41 Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm 5-round internal magazine. M1 Bazooka Recoilless anti-tank rocket launcher 60 mm Single-shot reloadable launcher. 3,000 supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program. PIAT Anti-tank projectile launcher 83mm Single-shot reloadable launcher. 1,000 supplied by the British Empire during the Lend-Lease program. Panzerschreck Anti-tank rocket launcher 88mm Nazi Germany Single-shot reloadable launcher. Captured from German forces copy the Bazooka. Panzerfaust Anti-tank recoilless gun Depends on variant Nazi Germany Single-shot disposable launcher. Some were captured in 1944, while many were captured in 1945 from retreating German soldiers and Volkssturm.

Flamethrowers and anti-tank incendiaries Name Type Origin Photo Notes FOG-2 Flamethrower From 1941, around 15,000 were produced and used during World War 2. ROKS-2 / ROKS-3 Flamethrower Produced from 1935 to 1945. Used also during the Soviet-Finnish War (1941–1944). Molotov cocktail Improvised incendiary bottle Improvised incendiary bottles that were thrown at armoured vehicles. Invented by the Spanish Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. First widely used by Finnish troops against the Soviets during the Winter War. Ampulomyot Incendiary anti-tank ampulla-thrower 125mm incendiary spherical glass projectile. Use of it was limited in 1941, and became obsolete by 1942. Zuckermann's bottle-thrower Incendiary anti-tank bottle launcher Attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifles. Special bottles with incendiary mixtures were used. The bottles were produced in 1942, but became obsolete once Red Army troops were equipped with more anti-tank guns and rifles.

Artillery

Light and heavy infantry mortars Name Type Origin Photo Notes RM-38 50mm Infantry mortar Light infantry mortar. 82-BM-37 82mm Infantry mortar Light infantry mortar. M1938 mortar 120mm Heavy mortar Heavy infantry mortar. 107mm M1938 mortar 107mm Infantry mortar It was a lighter version of the M1938 mortar made for Soviet mountain troops.

Rocket launchers Name Type Origin Photo Notes BM-8 82mm Multiple rocket launcher Smaller rocket launchers that were mounted on T-40 and T-60 light tanks. BM-13 "Katyusha" 132mm Multiple rocket launcher Most widely used multiple rocket launcher by the Red Army. It became known as "Stalin's organ" by German soldiers. BM-31 "Andryusha" 300mm Multiple rocket launcher Heavy rocket launcher with 12 rocket tubes which used the chassis of the American Lend-Lease Studebaker US6 U3 truck.

Vehicular guns Name Type Origin Photo Notes 45mm 20-K tank gun 45mm Anti-tank gun Many tanks and other armoured vehicles later used it as their main armament. 57mm ZiS-4 tank gun 57mm Anti-tank gun The main armament of the T-34-57, saw very limited usage in combat. 76.2 mm L-10 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun The main armament of the T-28 tank. L-11 76.2 mm tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun The main armament of the T-34 Model 1940 tank. F-32 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun The main armament of the KV-1 Model 1940 tank. F-34 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun The main armament of T-34-76 and KV-1 tanks. D-5T tank gun 85mm Anti-tank gun Main armament of the T34-85 (until March 1944), SU-85 and KV-85. Developed from 85mm M1939 (52-K) air-defence gun. ZiS-S-53 tank gun 85mm Anti-tank gun Main armament of T34-85 from March 1944; also used on T-44. Developed from 85mm M1939 (52-K) air-defence gun. D-10 tank gun 100mm Anti-tank gun The main armament of the SU-100 tank destroyer.

Field artillery