The 1906 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1906, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's second term. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 60th United States Congress (Oklahoma would later gain statehood in 1907 and increase the House membership to 391).

As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party, but retained a large overall majority. Dissatisfaction with working conditions and resentment toward union busting among industrial laborers in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest caused these groups to turn out to the polls in large numbers in support of the Democratic Party. However, gains in these regions were not enough to remove the Republican majority or the firm support that the party held among the middle class.

Special elections

District Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party First elected None (new seat) New seat.New delegate elected August 14, 1906 to finish the current term.Democratic gain.Successor did not run for election to the next term; see below. James Gillett Republican 1902 Incumbent resigned.New member elected November 6, 1906.Republican hold. Rufus E. Lester Democratic 1888 Incumbent died.New member elected November 6, 1906.Democratic hold. Robert R. Hitt Republican 1882 Incumbent died September 20, 1906.New member elected November 6, 1906.Republican hold. Newton W. Gilbert Republican 1904 Incumbent resigned November 6, 1906, after being appointed judge of the court of first instance at Manila, Philippines.New member elected November 6, 1906.Republican hold. Timothy Sullivan Democratic 1902 Incumbent resigned July 27, 1906.New member elected November 6, 1906.Republican hold. Robert Adams Jr. Republican 1893 Incumbent died June 1, 1906.New member elected November 6, 1906.Republican hold. George A. Castor Republican 1903 Incumbent died February 19, 1906.New member elected November 6, 1906.Republican hold. George R. Patterson Republican 1900 Incumbent died March 21, 1906.New member elected November 6, 1906.Republican hold. Claude A. Swanson Democratic 1892 Incumbent resigned January 30, 1906, after being elected Governor of Virginia.New member elected November 6, 1906.Democratic hold. Henry C. Adams Republican 1902 Incumbent died July 9, 1906.New member elected September 4, 1906.Republican hold. Rockwood Hoar Republican 1904 Incumbent died November 1, 1906.New member elected December 18, 1906.Republican hold.

Election summaries

+ ↓ 167 1 223 Democratic Republican

StateTypeTotalseatsDemocraticRepublicanSeatsChangeSeatsChange Alabama District 9 9 0 Arkansas District 7 7 0 California District 8 0 8 Colorado District+at-large 3 0 3 Connecticut District+at-large 5 0 5 Delaware At-large 1 0 1 Florida District 3 3 0 Georgia District 11 11 0 Idaho At-large 1 0 1 Illinois District 25 5 4 20 4 Indiana District 13 4 2 9 2 Iowa District 11 1 1 10 1 Kansas District 8 0 8 Kentucky District 11 7 2 4 2 Louisiana District 7 7 0 Maine District 4 0 4 Maryland District 6 3 3 Massachusetts District 14 3 11 Michigan District 12 0 12 Minnesota District 9 1 1 8 1 Mississippi District 8 8 0 Missouri District 16 12 5 4 5 Montana At-large 1 0 1 Nebraska District 6 1 1 5 1 Nevada At-large 1 1 0 New Hampshire District 2 0 2 New Jersey District 10 4 3 6 3 New York District 37 11 26 North Carolina District 10 10 1 0 1 North Dakota District 2 0 2 Ohio District 21 5 4 16 4 Oregon District 2 0 2 Pennsylvania District 32 7 6 25 6 Rhode Island District 2 1 1 South Carolina District 7 7 0 South Dakota At-large 2 0 2 Tennessee District 10 8 2 Texas District 16 16 0 Utah At-large 1 0 1 Vermont District 2 0 2 Virginia District 10 9 1 Washington At-large 3 0 3 West Virginia District 5 0 5 Wisconsin District 11 2 1 9 1 Wyoming At-large 1 0 1 Total 386 167 27 223 27

Election dates In 1906, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

June 4 Oregon September 4 Vermont September 10 Maine

Oklahoma was admitted in 1907 and held its first congressional elections on September 17, 1907.

Alabama

! | George W. Taylor | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Ariosto A. Wiley | | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Henry D. Clayton Jr. | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Sydney J. Bowie | | Democratic | 1900 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |

! | J. Thomas Heflin | | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John H. Bankhead | | Democratic | 1886 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap |

! | John L. Burnett | | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William Richardson | | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Oscar Underwood | | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Arkansas

! | Robert B. Macon | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Stephen Brundidge Jr. | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John C. Floyd | | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John S. Little | | Democratic | 1894 | | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Arkansas.Democratic hold. | nowrap |

! | Charles C. Reid | | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph T. Robinson | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Robert M. Wallace | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

California

! | James Gillett | | Republican | 1902 | | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of California.Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Duncan E. McKinlay | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph R. Knowland | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Julius Kahn | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Everis A. Hayes | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | James C. Needham | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | James McLachlan | | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Sylvester C. Smith | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Colorado

! | Robert W. Bonynge | | 1902 (contest) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Herschel M. Hogg | | 1902 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Franklin E. Brooks | | 1902 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap |

Connecticut

! | E. Stevens Henry | | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Nehemiah D. Sperry | | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Edwin W. Higgins | | 1905 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Ebenezer J. Hill | | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | George L. Lilley | | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Delaware

! | Hiram R. Burton | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Florida

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected. Frank Clark Democratic 1904 Incumbent re-elected. William B. Lamar Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

! | James W. Overstreet | | Democratic | 1906 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |

! | James M. Griggs | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Elijah B. Lewis | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William C. Adamson | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Leonidas F. Livingston | | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Charles L. Bartlett | | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Gordon Lee | | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William M. Howard | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Thomas M. Bell | | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Thomas W. Hardwick | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William G. Brantley | | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Idaho

! | Burton L. French | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Illinois

! | Martin B. Madden | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | James Robert Mann | | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William Warfield Wilson | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Charles S. Wharton | | Republican | 1904 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap |

! | Anthony Michalek | | Republican | 1904 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap |

! | William Lorimer | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Philip Knopf | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap |

! | Charles McGavin | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Henry Sherman Boutell | | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | George E. Foss | | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Howard M. Snapp | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Charles Eugene Fuller | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Robert R. Hitt | | Republican | 1882 | | Incumbent died. Winner also elected to finish term. Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | James McKinney | | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | George W. Prince | | Republican | 1895 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph V. Graff | | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John A. Sterling | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph Gurney Cannon | | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William B. McKinley | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Henry T. Rainey | | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Zeno J. Rives | | Republican | 1904 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap |

! | William A. Rodenberg | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Frank S. Dickson | | Republican | 1904 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap |

! | Pleasant T. Chapman | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | George Washington Smith | | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Indiana

! | John H. Foster | | Republican | 1905 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John C. Chaney | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William T. Zenor | | Democratic | 1896 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |

! | Lincoln Dixon | | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Elias S. Holliday | | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | James E. Watson | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Jesse Overstreet | | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | George W. Cromer | | Republican | 1898 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap |

! | Charles B. Landis | | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Edgar D. Crumpacker | | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Frederick Landis | | Republican | 1902 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap |

! | Newton W. Gilbert | | Republican | 1904 | | Incumbent resigned. Winner also elected to finish term.Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Abraham L. Brick | | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Iowa

! | Thomas Hedge | | Republican | 1898 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Albert F. Dawson | | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Benjamin P. Birdsall | | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected | nowrap |