Mihăilescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexandru Mihailescu (born 1982), Romanian athlete Nicolae Mihăilescu (born 1965), Romanian fencer Preda Mihăilescu (born 1955), Romanian mathematician Vintilă Mihăilescu (1951–2022), Romanian cultural anthropologist Ștefan Mihăilescu-Brăila (1925–1996), Romanian actor Anca Grigoraș (later Mihăilescu; born 1957), Romanian artistic gymnast