Events Pre-1600 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon: Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. 1121 – Battle of Didgori: The Georgian army under King David IV wins a decisive victory over the famous Seljuk commander Ilghazi. 1164 – Battle of Harim: Nur ad-Din Zangi defeats the Crusader armies of the County of Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch. 1204 – The Republic of Venice acquires the right to Crete from Boniface I of Montferrat. 1323 – The Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod Republic is signed, regulating the border between the two countries for the first time. 1376 – Andronikos IV Palaiologos enters Constantinople by force and captures his father, emperor John V Palaiologos, and his younger brothers during the Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379. 1492 – Christopher Columbus arrives in the Canary Islands on his first voyage to the New World. 1499 – First engagement of the Battle of Zonchio between Venetian and Ottoman fleets.
1601–1900 1624 – Charles de La Vieuville is arrested and replaced by Cardinal Richelieu as the French king's chief advisor. 1676 – Praying Indian John Alderman shoots and kills Metacomet, the Wampanoag war chief, ending King Philip's War. 1687 – Battle of Mohács: Charles of Lorraine defeats the Ottoman Empire. 1765 – Treaty of Allahabad is signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of Company rule in India. 1788 – The Anjala conspiracy is signed.Anjalan liitto – Anjala-seura (in Finnish) 1793 – The Rhône and Loire départments are created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire is split into two. 1806 – Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires re-takes the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina after the first British invasion. 1831 – French intervention forces William I of the Netherlands to abandon his attempt to suppress the Belgian Revolution. 1851 – Isaac Singer is granted a patent for his sewing machine. 1865 – Joseph Lister, British surgeon and scientist, performs the first antiseptic surgery. 1883 – The last quagga dies at the Natura Artis Magistra, a zoo in Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1898 – The Hawaiian flag is lowered from Iolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the flag of the United States to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States where it is formally recognized as Hawaii.
1901–present 1914 – World War I: France, the United Kingdom and the British Empire declare war on Austria-Hungary. 1914 – World War I: The Battle of Halen a.k.a. Battle of the Silver Helmets, a clash between large Belgian and German cavalry formations at Halen, Belgium. 1944 – World War II: Waffen-SS troops massacre 560 people in Sant'Anna di Stazzema. 1944 – World War II: Nazi German troops end the week-long Wola massacre, during which at least 40,000 people are killed indiscriminately or in mass executions. 1944 – World War II: Alençon is liberated by General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, becoming the first city in France to be liberated from the Nazis by French forces. 1948 – Between 15 and 150 unarmed members of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement are killed by Pakistani police. 1950 – Korean War: Bloody Gulch massacre: Seventy-five American POWs are massacred by the North Korean Army. 1952 – The Night of the Murdered Poets: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union. 1953 – Thermonuclear bomb testing: The Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of "RDS-6s" (Joe 4) using a "layered" scheme. 1953 – The 7.2 Ionian earthquake shakes the southern Ionian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Between 445 and 800 people are killed. 1960 – Echo 1A, NASA's first successful communications satellite, is launched. 1964 – South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games due to the country's racist policies. 1969 – Violence erupts after the Apprentice Boys of Derry march in Derry, Northern Ireland, resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the Battle of the Bogside. 1976 – Between 1,000 and 3,500 Palestinians are killed in the Tel al-Zaatar massacre, one of the bloodiest events of the Lebanese Civil War. 1977 – The first free flight of the . 1977 – The Sri Lanka Riots, targeting the minority Sri Lankan Tamils, begin, less than a month after the United National Party came to power. Over 300 Tamils are killed. 1981 – The IBM Personal Computer is released. 1984 – An infamous brawl takes place at the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium between the Atlanta Braves and San Diego Padres. 1985 – Japan Air Lines Flight 123, a Boeing 747, crashes into Osutaka ridge in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, killing 520, becoming the worst single-plane air disaster. 1990 – Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton found to date, is discovered by Sue Hendrickson in South Dakota. 1992 – Canada, Mexico and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). 1994 – Major League Baseball players go on strike, eventually forcing the cancellation of the 1994 World Series. 2000 – The Russian Navy submarine explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise, killing her entire 118-man crew. 2015 – At least two massive explosions kill 173 people and injure nearly 800 more in Tianjin, China. 2016 – Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) capture the city of Manbij from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). 2017 – The Unite the Right rally occurs in Charlottesville, Virginia, leading to three deaths and injuring nearly 50 more. 2018 – Thirty-nine civilians, including a dozen children, are killed in an explosion at a weapons depot in Sarmada, Syria. 2021 – Six people, five victims and the perpetrator are killed in Keyham, Plymouth in the worst mass shooting in the UK since 2010.
Births Pre-1600 1452 – Abraham Zacuto, Jewish astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, rabbi and historian (died 1515) 1503 – Christian III of Denmark (died 1559) 1506 – Franciscus Sonnius, Dutch counter-Reformation theologian (died 1576) 1591 – Louise de Marillac, co-founder of the Daughters of Charity (died 1660) 1599 – Sir William Curtius FRS, German magistrate, English baronet (died 1678)
1601–1900 1604 – Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shōgun (died 1651) 1626 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (died 1690) 1629 – Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (died 1685) 1644 – Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Bohemian-Austrian violinist and composer (died 1704) 1686 – John Balguy, English philosopher and author (died 1748) 1696 – Maurice Greene, English organist and composer (died 1755) 1762 – George IV of the United Kingdom (died 1830) 1773 – Karl Faber, Prussian historian and academic (died 1853) 1774 – Robert Southey, English poet and author (died 1843) 1801 – John Cadbury, British Quaker and businessman who founded the Cadbury chocolate company (died 1889) 1831 – Helena Blavatsky, Russian theosophist and scholar (died 1891) 1833 – William P. Sanders, American army officer (died 1863) 1852 – Michael J. McGivney, American priest and founder of the Knights of Columbus (died 1890) 1856 – Diamond Jim Brady, American businessman and philanthropist (died 1917) 1857 – Ernestine von Kirchsberg, Austrian painter and educator (died 1924) 1859 – Katharine Lee Bates, American poet and author (died 1929) 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler (died 1907) 1866 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1954) 1866 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter, mountaineer, and jurist (died 1907) 1867 – Edith Hamilton, German-American author and educator (died 1963) 1870 – Henry Reuterdahl, Swedish-American artist (died 1925) 1871 – Gustavs Zemgals, Latvian politician, 2nd President of Latvia (died 1939) 1876 – Mary Roberts Rinehart, American author and playwright (died 1958) 1877 – Albert Bartha, Hungarian general and politician, Hungarian Minister of Defence (died 1960) 1880 – Radclyffe Hall, English poet, author, and activist (died 1943) 1880 – Christy Mathewson, American baseball player and manager (died 1925) 1881 – Cecil B. DeMille, American director and producer (died 1959) 1883 – Martha Hedman, Swedish-American actress and playwright (died 1974) 1883 – Marion Lorne, American actress (died 1968) 1885 – Jean Cabannes, French physicist and academic (died 1959) 1885 – Keith Murdoch, Australian journalist (died 1952) 1885 – Juhan Simm, Estonian composer and conductor (died 1959) 1887 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1961) 1889 – Zerna Sharp, American author and educator (died 1981) 1891 – C. E. M. Joad, English philosopher and academic (died 1953) 1891 – John McDermott, American golfer (died 1971) 1892 – Alfred Lunt, American actor and director (died 1977) 1897 – Maurice Fernandes, Guyanese cricketer (died 1981) 1897 – Otto Struve, Russian-American astronomer (discoveries in stellar spectroscopy at Yerkes observatory) (died 1963) 1899 – Ben Sealey, Trinidadian cricketer (died 1963)
1901–present 1902 – Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian statesman, 1st Vice President of Indonesia (died 1980) 1904 – Idel Jakobson, Latvian-Estonian NKVD officer (died 1997) 1904 – Tamás Lossonczy, Hungarian painter (died 2009) 1904 – Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia (died 1918) 1906 – Harry Hopman, Australian tennis player and coach (died 1985) 1906 – Tedd Pierce, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (died 1972) 1907 – Gladys Bentley, American blues singer (died 1960) 1907 – Joe Besser, American actor (died 1988) 1907 – Boy Charlton, Australian swimmer (died 1975) 1907 – Benjamin Sheares, Singaporean physician and politician, 2nd President of Singapore (died 1981) 1909 – Bruce Matthews, Canadian general and businessman (died 1991) 1910 – Yusof bin Ishak, Singaporean journalist and politician, 1st President of Singapore (died 1970) 1910 – Jane Wyatt, American actress (died 2006) 1911 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor, screenwriter, and producer (died 1993) 1912 – Samuel Fuller, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1997) 1913 – Richard L. Bare, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2015) 1914 – Gerd Buchdahl, German-English philosopher and author (died 2001) 1914 – Ruth Lowe, Canadian pianist and songwriter (died 1981) 1915 – Michael Kidd, American dancer and choreographer (died 2007) 1916 – Ioan Dicezare, Romanian general and pilot (died 2012) 1916 – Edward Pinkowski, American writer, journalist and Polonia historian (died 2020) 1917 – Oliver Crawford, American screenwriter and author (died 2008) 1917 – Ebba Haslund, Norwegian writer (died 2009) 1918 – Sid Bernstein, American record producer (died 2013) 1918 – Guy Gibson, Anglo-Indian commander and pilot, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1944) 1919 – Margaret Burbidge, English-American astrophysicist and academic (died 2020) 1919 – Vikram Sarabhai, Indian physicist and academic (died 1971) 1920 – Charles Gibson, American ethnohistorian (died 1985) 1920 – Percy Mayfield, American R&B singer-songwriter (died 1984) 1922 – Fulton Mackay, Scottish actor and playwright (died 1987) 1922 – Miloš Jakeš, Czech communist politician (died 2020) 1923 – John Holt, Jamaican cricketer (died 1997) 1924 – Derek Shackleton, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (died 2007) 1924 – Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistani general and politician, 6th President of Pakistan (died 1988) 1925 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (died 2016) 1925 – Guillermo Cano Isaza, Colombian journalist (died 1986) 1925 – Donald Justice, American poet and writing teacher (died 2004) 1925 – Norris McWhirter, Scottish publisher and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (died 2004)