List of ancient dishes

This is a list of dishes, prepared foods and beverages that have been recorded as originating before the post-classical era.

Different endpoints exist for what marks the beginning of the post-classical era, including the Early Middle Ages (the end of the 4th century CE), the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE, the closure of the Platonic Academy in 529 CE, the death of the emperor Justinian I in 565 CE,Robinson, C. A. (1951). Ancient history from prehistoric times to the death of Justinian. New York: Macmillan. the spread of Islam in 610 CEBreasted, J. H. (1916). Ancient times, a history of the early world: an introduction to the study of ancient history and the career of early man . Boston: Ginn and Company. or the rise of Charlemagne.Myers, P. V. N. (1916). Ancient History . New York [etc.]: Ginn and company.

Archeologists and food historians have recreated some dishes using ancient recipes.

Obsolete

Foods Some ancient foods are no longer eaten as a regular part of diets:

Ashishim – Levantine red lentil pancake dish of Ancient Israelite origin that was commonly eaten by Jews in antiquity. Black soup Garum – Phoenicia, ancient Greece (where it was known as ) and the Roman Empire, known from before Pompeii's destruction in 79 CE.Pliny the Elder, Natural History 13.93. (Before 79 CE) Jusselle

Libum Liquamen, see garum

Opus lactarium – documented as existing during the ancient Roman Empire Oxygala – a dairy product in ancient Greece and Rome. It was also consumed by ancient Persians. Placenta cake – a layered cake of pastry, cheese and honey originating in ancient Greece and Rome

Silphiumused as a seasoning Tetrapharmacum Touloumotiri is an ancient cheese that is considered as the "forerunner to feta". Tracta was a kind of bread, pastry, or pancake in ancient Greece and perhaps Rome.Dalby, Andrew, Food in the Ancient World from A to Z, , 'Pastry', p. 251

Beverages

Kykeon was a common beverage of sustenance in ancient Greece, most often consisting mainly of a barley gruel mixture with various additives, sometimes written as having psychoactive properties associated with religious visions.

Still consumed

Food

Some ancient foods continue to be eaten:

Bread Flatbread Chutney Congee Fig-cake (develah) – eaten by Jews in antiquity, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and in the Jerusalem Talmud Fish sauce, see garum French toast, earliest reference appears in 1st century Rome Forcemeat Ham – dry-cured ham has been produced since ancient times. Hardtack – versions using various grains date back to ancient Rome, and as far back as ancient Egypt. Jeok Lamb stew – Described in the Yale culinary tablets, ancient Babylonian tablets from 1700 BCE Lucanica – Roman Italy, mentioned by Cicero, 1st century BCE Maccufava bean soup eaten in Sicily during Roman times Mantou – dates to 307 BCE – 250 BCE

Nettle stewEvidence of consumption dates to around 1000BCE at Must Farm, in Cambridgeshire, England. Noodles – existent since at least 2,000 BCE in Northwest China, the noodle was developed independently in ancient China and ancient Rome, and remained common in both areas "through the centuries". Oatcake – known to exist at least from Roman times in Britain. Olive, olive oil is at least known from the Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age, c. 3000 BCE Papadzules – a common dish in Maya cuisine that may be "one of the most ancient traditional dishes of Yucatán, Mexico.

Sauerkraut Sausage Sop Soup Vegetable soup Soy sauce Tamale Testaroli Tharida Tofu Wonton Zongzi Beverages Beer is recorded in the written history of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt and is one of the world's oldest prepared beverages.; Michael M. Homan, Beer and Its Drinkers: An Ancient near Eastern Love Story, Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Jun. 2004), pp. 84–95. Mead consumption's earliest surviving written record is possibly contained in the hymns of the Rigveda, one of the sacred books of the historical Vedic religion and (later) Hinduism dated around 1700–1100 BCE. Kombucha originated in what is now Northeastern China around 220 BCE Soy milk has been consumed in China since ancient times. Wine consumption and production has been found through archaeological evidence as early as BCE.

Dairy products

Butter – documented as existent since at least 2,000 BCE Buttermilk – existed before 1 CE in ancient India Kumis – documented as existing in ancient Scythia Quark (lac concretum) – documented as existing in ancient Scythia Schiston – "separated milk" purported to have been invented by physicians during the time of the Ancient Roman Empire and Pliny the Elder It was prepared by boiling milk or whey along with pebbles. Shrikhand – documented as existing c. 800 to 300 BCE in ancient India Smy – thickened milk documented as existent in ancient Egypt Yogurt – documented in upper Mesopotamia from the Neolithic era.

Cheeses

Cheese – Possibly as early as 8000 BCE after the domestication of the sheep in the Fertile Crescent Caciocavallo Feta – existed during the times of Homer in ancient Greece Kefalotyri – dates to the Byzantine Empire Pecorino Romano – is one of the world's most ancient cheeses Pecorino Sardo (Flore sardo) – one of the world's oldest cheeses that is believed to date back to the Bronze Age Pecorino Siciliano Salers

List of ancient dishes

Bron en licentie