Washington County, Kansas

Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and largest city is Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 5,530. The county was named for George Washington, the 1st president of the United States.

History

Early history

For millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. Numerous tribes lived on the Great Plains including the: Arapaho, Cheyenne, Comanche, Sioux, Ute, Otoe, Kansa, Kiowa, Osage, Omaha, Ponca, Pawnee, and Wichita. These tribes were sustained by a seemingly inexhaustible supply of buffalo that then numbered in the tens of millions.

From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1857, Washington County was established. The Oregon-California Trail, the Overland Stage Line, and the Pony Express all ran through Washington County. The Hollenberg Way Station opened in 1857 and operated until 1872 in the northeastern corner of the county.

21st century In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed north to south through Washington County, with much concern over tax exemption and environmental issues when a leak occurs.Keystone Pipeline - Marion County Commission calls out Legislative Leadership on Pipeline Deal; April 18, 2010. The pipeline was shut down on December 7, 2022, after a leak was detected near the community of Washington."Keystone pipeline shut after 14,000-barrel oil spill in Kansas", Reuters.com, December 9, 2022 It reopened on December 29, 2022.

Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water.

Adjacent counties

Jefferson County, Nebraska (north) Gage County, Nebraska (northeast) Marshall County (east) Riley County (southeast) Clay County (south) Cloud County (southwest) Republic County (west) Thayer County, Nebraska (northwest)

Demographics

Racial and ethnic composition +Washington County, Kansas – Racial and ethnic compositionRace / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 1980 Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2010 Pop 2020% 1980% 1990% 2000% 2010% 2020White alone (NH)8,4927,0406,3805,5585,08499.40%99.53%98.41%95.84%91.93%Black or African American alone (NH)04723130.00%0.06%0.11%0.40%0.24%Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)12716820.14%0.10%0.25%0.14%0.04%Asian alone (NH)7031940.08%0.00%0.05%0.33%0.07%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)x included in the Asian category in the 1980 Censusx included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census002xx0.00%0.00%0.04%Other race alone (NH)702060.08%0.00%0.03%0.00%0.11%Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)x not an option in the 1980 Censusx not an option in the 1990 Census3347144xx0.51%0.81%2.60%Hispanic or Latino (any race)2522421442750.29%0.31%0.65%2.48%4.97%Total8,5437,0736,4835,7995,530 100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 5,530. The median age was 43.8 years. 23.5% of residents were under the age of 18 and 23.5% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 106.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 104.2 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 93.2% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 0.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.1% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 2.0% from some other race, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 5.0% of the population.

0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.

There were 2,312 households in the county, of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 19.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 2,726 housing units, of which 15.2% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 79.6% were owner-occupied and 20.4% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 12.7%.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,483 people, 2,673 households, and 1,780 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 3,142 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 98.90% White, 0.11% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. 0.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,673 households, out of which 26.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.40% were married couples living together, 4.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.40% were non-families. 31.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.70% under the age of 18, 5.40% from 18 to 24, 22.90% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 25.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 100.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,363, and the median income for a family was $37,260. Males had a median income of $25,074 versus $18,000 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,515. About 7.30% of families and 10.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.20% of those under age 18 and 12.40% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections

Washington County is overwhelmingly Republican. No Democratic presidential candidate has won Washington County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and Roosevelt remains the solitary Democrat to ever win a majority in the county. Since 1940, only Lyndon Johnson in 1964 has earned forty percent of Washington County's vote as the Democratic Party candidate.

Laws Washington County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30 percent food sales requirement.

Education The county is served by: Washington County USD 108 Barnes–Hanover–Linn USD 223

School district office in neighboring county Clifton–Clyde USD 224

Communities

List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Washington County.

Cities ‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county.

Barnes Clifton‡ Greenleaf Haddam Hanover Hollenberg Linn Mahaska Morrowville Palmer Vining‡ Washington (county seat)

Unincorporated communities Lanham‡

Ghost towns Strawberry

Townships Washington County is divided into twenty-five townships. The city of Washington is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Sources: 2000 U.S. Gazetteer from the U.S. Census Bureau. Township FIPS Populationcenter Population Populationdensity/km2 (/sq mi) Land areakm2 (sq mi) Water areakm2 (sq mi) Water % Geographic coordinates Barnes 04275 233 3 (6) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Brantford 08250 91 1 (3) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Charleston 12625 99 1 (3) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0.03% Clifton 14225 459 5 (13) 94 (36) 0 (0) 0% Coleman 14750 64 1 (2) 94 (36) 0 (0) 0% Farmington 23275 192 2 (5) 94 (36) 0 (0) 0% Franklin 24525 139 2 (4) 92 (36) 0 (0) 0.24% Grant 28175 25 0 (1) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Greenleaf 28650 450 5 (13) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Haddam 29425 246 3 (7) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Hanover 29900 884 9 (25) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0.05% Highland 32025 22 0 (1) 92 (36) 0 (0) 0.45% Independence 33950 169 2 (5) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0.03% Kimeo 36850 75 1 (2) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Lincoln 41250 84 1 (2) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Linn 41450 599 6 (17) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0.03% Little Blue 41500 93 1 (3) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0.09% Logan 42300 109 1 (3) 92 (36) 0 (0) 0.05% Lowe 43025 76 1 (2) 92 (36) 0 (0) 0% Mill Creek 46750 274 3 (8) 94 (36) 0 (0) 0% Sheridan 64775 119 1 (3) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Sherman 65125 249 3 (7) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0% Strawberry 68550 130 1 (4) 94 (36) 0 (0) 0% Union 72475 161 2 (5) 92 (36) 0 (0) 0.04% Washington 75850 218 2 (6) 91 (35) 0 (0) 0.04%

Washington County, Kansas

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