The 90th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1967, to January 3, 1969, during the last two years of President Lyndon B. Johnson's second term in office.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census.
Both chambers had a Democratic majority; however, the Democrats lost seats in both the Senate and the House, which cost them both their 2/3rds supermajority in the Senate and their supermajority status in the House. Along with President Johnson, the Democrats maintained an overall federal government trifecta.
Major events
January 27, 1967: Cold War: The United States, Soviet Union and the United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. April 1, 1967: The Department of Transportation begins operation. July 1, 1967: American Samoa's first constitution becomes effective. August 30, 1967: Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the United States Supreme Court. March 18, 1968: Gold standard: The Congress of the United States repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back U.S. currency. April 4, 1968: Martin Luther King Jr. is shot dead at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. In response, riots erupt in major American cities, lasting for several days afterward. June 6, 1968: Robert F. Kennedy is shot and killed at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California
Major legislation
April 4, 1967: Supplemental Defense Appropriations Act, , November 7, 1967: Public Broadcasting Act, , December 14, 1967: Uniform Congressional District Act, , December 15, 1967: Age Discrimination in Employment Act, , December 18, 1967: National Park Foundation Act, , January 2, 1968: Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1967, , including Title VII: Bilingual Education Act, March 1, 1968: Fire Research and Safety Act of 1968, , April 11, 1968: Civil Rights Act of 1968, , , including Title II: Indian Civil Rights Act, May 29, 1968: Truth in Lending Act, June 1, 1968: Uniform Monday Holiday Act, , June 19, 1968: Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, , July 21, 1968: Aircraft Noise Abatement Act, , October 2, 1968: Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, , October 2, 1968: National Trails System Act, , October 15, 1968: Health Services and Facilities Amendments of 1968, , , including Title III: Alcoholic and Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Amendments of 1968 October 18, 1968: Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968, , October 22, 1968: Foreign Military Sales Act of 1968, , October 22, 1968: Gun Control Act of 1968, ,
Constitutional amendments February 10, 1967: Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 38) to become part of the Constitution
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate President: Hubert Humphrey (D) President pro tempore: Carl Hayden (D) Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield Majority Whip: Russell B. Long Democratic Caucus Secretary: Robert Byrd
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: Everett Dirksen Minority Whip: Thomas Kuchel Republican Conference Chairman: Margaret Chase Smith Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young National Senatorial Committee Chair: George Murphy Policy Committee Chairman: Bourke B. Hickenlooper
House of Representatives
Speaker: John W. McCormack (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership Majority Leader: Carl Albert Majority Whip: Hale Boggs Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dan Rostenkowski Democratic Caucus Secretary: Leonor Sullivan Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael J. Kirwan
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: Gerald Ford Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends Republican Conference Chairman: Melvin Laird Republican Conference Secretary: Richard H. Poff Policy Committee Chairman: John Jacob Rhodes Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Bob Wilson
Caucuses House Democratic Caucus Senate Democratic Caucus
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by their classes, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1970; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1972; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1968.
Alabama 2. John J. Sparkman (D) 3. J. Lister Hill (D)
Alaska 2. Bob Bartlett (D), until December 11, 1968 Ted Stevens (R), from December 24, 1968 3. Ernest Gruening (D)
Arizona 1. Paul Fannin (R) 3. Carl Hayden (D)
Arkansas 2. John L. McClellan (D) 3. J. William Fulbright (D)
California 1. George Murphy (R) 3. Thomas Kuchel (R)
Colorado 2. Gordon Allott (R) 3. Peter H. Dominick (R)
Connecticut 1. Thomas J. Dodd (D) 3. Abraham Ribicoff (D)
Delaware 1. John J. Williams (R) 2. J. Caleb Boggs (R)
Florida 1. Spessard Holland (D) 3. George Smathers (D)
Georgia 2. Richard Russell Jr. (D) 3. Herman Talmadge (D)
Hawaii 1. Hiram Fong (R) 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho 2. Len Jordan (R) 3. Frank Church (D)
Illinois 2. Charles H. Percy (R) 3. Everett M. Dirksen (R)
Indiana 1. Vance Hartke (D) 3. Birch Bayh (D)
Iowa 2. Jack Miller (R) 3. Bourke B. Hickenlooper (R)
Kansas 2. James B. Pearson (R) 3. Frank Carlson (R)
Kentucky 2. John Sherman Cooper (R) 3. Thruston Ballard Morton (R), until December 16, 1968 Marlow Cook (R), from December 17, 1968
Louisiana 2. Allen J. Ellender (D) 3. Russell B. Long (D)
Maine 1. Edmund Muskie (D) 2. Margaret Chase Smith (R)
Maryland 1. Joseph Tydings (D) 3. Daniel Brewster (D)
Massachusetts 1. Ted Kennedy (D) 2. Edward Brooke (R)
Michigan 1. Philip Hart (D) 2. Robert P. Griffin (R)
Minnesota 1. Eugene McCarthy (DFL) 2. Walter Mondale (DFL)
Mississippi 1. John C. Stennis (D) 2. James Eastland (D)
Missouri 1. Stuart Symington (D) 3. Edward V. Long (D), until December 27, 1968 Thomas Eagleton (D), from December 28, 1968
Montana 1. Mike Mansfield (D) 2. Lee Metcalf (D)
Nebraska 1. Roman Hruska (R) 2. Carl Curtis (R)
Nevada 1. Howard Cannon (D) 3. Alan Bible (D)
New Hampshire 2. Thomas J. McIntyre (D) 3. Norris Cotton (R)
New Jersey 1. Harrison A. Williams (D) 2. Clifford P. Case (R)
New Mexico 1. Joseph Montoya (D) 2. Clinton P. Anderson (D)
New York 1. Robert F. Kennedy (D), until June 6, 1968 Charles Goodell (R), from September 10, 1968 3. Jacob Javits (R)
North Carolina 2. B. Everett Jordan (D) 3. Sam Ervin (D)
North Dakota 1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL) 3. Milton Young (R)
Ohio 1. Stephen M. Young (D) 3. Frank Lausche (D)
Oklahoma 2. Fred R. Harris (D) 3. A. S. Mike Monroney (D)
Oregon 2. Mark Hatfield (R), from January 10, 1967 3. Wayne Morse (D)
Pennsylvania 1. Hugh Scott (R) 3. Joseph S. Clark Jr. (D)
Rhode Island 1. John Pastore (D) 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
South Carolina 2. Strom Thurmond (R) 3. Fritz Hollings (D)
South Dakota 2. Karl E. Mundt (R) 3. George McGovern (D)
Tennessee 1. Albert Gore Sr. (D) 2. Howard Baker (R)
Texas 1. Ralph Yarborough (D) 2. John Tower (R)
Utah 1. Frank Moss (D) 3. Wallace F. Bennett (R)
Vermont 1. Winston L. Prouty (R) 3. George Aiken (R)
Virginia 1. Harry F. Byrd Jr. (D) 2. William Spong Jr. (D)
Washington 1. Henry M. Jackson (D) 3. Warren G. Magnuson (D)
West Virginia 1. Robert Byrd (D) 2. Jennings Randolph (D)
Wisconsin 1. William Proxmire (D) 3. Gaylord Nelson (D)
Wyoming 1. Gale W. McGee (D) 2. Clifford Hansen (R)
House of Representatives
The names of representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Alabama . Jack Edwards (R) . William Louis Dickinson (R) . George W. Andrews (D) . Bill Nichols (D) . Armistead I. Selden Jr. (D) . John Hall Buchanan Jr. (R) . Tom Bevill (D) . Robert E. Jones Jr. (D)
Alaska . Howard Wallace Pollock (R)
Arizona . John Jacob Rhodes (R) . Mo Udall (D) . Sam Steiger (R)
Arkansas . Ezekiel C. Gathings (D) . Wilbur Mills (D) . John Paul Hammerschmidt (R) . David Pryor (D)
California . Donald H. Clausen (R) . Harold T. Johnson (D) . John E. Moss (D) . Robert L. Leggett (D) . Phillip Burton (D) . William S. Mailliard (R) . Jeffery Cohelan (D) . George P. Miller (D) . Don Edwards (D) . Charles Gubser (R) . J. Arthur Younger (R), until June 20, 1967 Pete McCloskey (R), from December 12, 1967 . Burt Talcott (R) . Charles M. Teague (R) . Jerome Waldie (D) . John J. McFall (D) . B. F. Sisk (D) . Cecil R. King (D) . Bob Mathias (R) . Chester E. Holifield (D) . H. Allen Smith (R) . Augustus Hawkins (D) . James C. Corman (D) . Del M. Clawson (R) . Glenard P. Lipscomb (R) . Charles E. Wiggins (R) . Thomas M. Rees (D) . Edwin Reinecke (R) . Alphonzo E. Bell Jr. (R) . George Brown Jr. (D) . Edward R. Roybal (D) . Charles H. Wilson (D) . Craig Hosmer (R) . Jerry Pettis (R) . Richard T. Hanna (D) . James B. Utt (R) . Bob Wilson (R) . Lionel Van Deerlin (D) . John V. Tunney (D)
Colorado . Byron G. Rogers (D) . Donald G. Brotzman (R) . Frank Evans (D) . Wayne N. Aspinall (D)
Connecticut . Emilio Q. Daddario (D) . William St. Onge (D) . Robert Giaimo (D) . Donald J. Irwin (D) . John S. Monagan (D) . Thomas Meskill (R)
Delaware . William Roth (R)
Florida . Robert L. F. Sikes (D) . Don Fuqua (D) . Charles E. Bennett (D) . Syd Herlong (D) . Edward Gurney (R) . Sam Gibbons (D) . James A. Haley (D) . William C. Cramer (R) . Paul Rogers (D) . J. Herbert Burke (R) . Claude Pepper (D) . Dante Fascell (D)
Georgia . George Elliott Hagan (D) . Maston E. O'Neal Jr. (D) . Jack Brinkley (D) . Benjamin B. Blackburn (R) . Fletcher Thompson (R) . John Flynt (D) . John William Davis (D) . W. S. Stuckey Jr. (D) . Phillip M. Landrum (D) . Robert Grier Stephens Jr. (D)
Hawaii
Both representatives were elected at-large statewide on a general ticket . Spark Matsunaga (D) . Patsy Mink (D)
Idaho . James A. McClure (R) . George V. Hansen (R)
Illinois . William L. Dawson (D) . Barratt O'Hara (D) . William T. Murphy (D) . Ed Derwinski (R) . John C. Kluczynski (D) . Daniel J. Ronan (D) . Frank Annunzio (D) . Dan Rostenkowski (D) . Sidney R. Yates (D) . Harold R. Collier (R) . Roman Pucinski (D) . Robert McClory (R) . Donald Rumsfeld (R) . John N. Erlenborn (R) . Charlotte Thompson Reid (R) . John B. Anderson (R) . Leslie C. Arends (R) . Robert H. Michel (R) . Tom Railsback (R) . Paul Findley (R) . Kenneth J. Gray (D) . William L. Springer (R) . George E. Shipley (D) . Melvin Price (D)
Indiana . Ray Madden (D) . Charles A. Halleck (R) . John Brademas (D) . E. Ross Adair (R) . J. Edward Roush (D) . William G. Bray (R) . John T. Myers (R) . Roger H. Zion (R) . Lee H. Hamilton (D) . Richard L. Roudebush (R) . Andrew Jacobs Jr. (D)
Iowa . Fred Schwengel (R) . John Culver (D) . H. R. Gross (R) . John Henry Kyl (R)