Mikołaj Kruszewski was a nineteenth-century Polish linguist who co-founded the Kazan school of linguistics. Born in Lutsk in modern-day Ukraine, he studied at the University of Warsaw before undertaking postgraduate studies at Kazan University under the tutelage of Jan Baudouin de Courtenay in 1878. Kruszewski defended his doctoral dissertation in 1883, for which he gained professorship at Kazan. Subsequently, Kruszewski fell ill and died of tertiary syphilis in 1887 at the age of 36, with a linguistic career spanning only five years.
Since most of Kruszewski's works were written in Russian, they were inaccessible for most Western scholars at the time. Kruszewski translated two of his works into German: On Sound Alternation, the revised theoretical introduction to his master's dissertation, and Outline of Linguistic Science, his doctoral dissertation. Kruszewski's works remained obscure among Western scholars until the second half of the twentieth century, when the Russian linguist Roman Jakobson made efforts to promote Kruszewski, and the historian of linguistics Joanna Radwańska-Williams has described Kruszewski's work as a "lost paradigm".
Dissertations
Kruszewski's master's dissertation at the University of Warsaw, from which he had graduated in 1875. The university's scientific journal published the dissertation, giving Kruszewski a financial reward as well.
Kruszewski's dissertation submitted to the Kazan University for the candidate's degree and the position of (salaried lecturer). This work summarizes Kruszewski's investigations into Sanskrit vowels, which he had intended to be the subject of his master's thesis until Ferdinand de Saussure published the .
Kruszewski's master's dissertation at Kazan. It was written in 1880 and defended in May 1881, qualifying him for the position of docent
German translation of the theoretical introduction of . The translation was prepared by Kruszewski with assistance from Wilhelm Radloff and Leonard Kołmaczewski, expanding the text by around one-third to make it more accessible to Western scholars. Kruszewski self-funded the publication of the manuscript, as it was rejected by several German publishers for its focus on methodology rather than data, which was unusual in contemporary linguistic scholarship.
Kruszewski's doctoral dissertation at Kazan. It was defended in May 1883 and qualified Kruszewski to the position of . The historian of linguistics Joanna Radwańska-Williams describes the Outline as Kruszewski's magnum opus.
German translation of . Kruszewski translated the book into German with the help of Baudouin, (a student under Baudouin at the time), and the German linguist Friedrich Techmer. The journal in which it appeared, the , was edited by Techmer.
Journal articles
A critique of the concept of analogy as applied by Neogrammarian linguists at the time
A follow-up note to , in which he criticizes the Neogrammarian Karl Brugmann's usage of the term association for analogy
Favorable reviews of Brugmann's 1876 and Saussure's 1879
Reply to an 1881 review of by the Slavist Aleksander Brückner
Kruszewski's final work published during his lifetime and the only one published in Polish
Posthumous publications The following five works are edited by the linguist .
Includes two obituaries of Kruszewski, one by Bogoroditsky and one anonymous, signed "M...m"
Transcript of the inaugural lecture delivered by Kruszewski on 15 January 1881
Reprints
Reprints and excerpts from . Second and third editions of the volume were published in 1960 and 1964 respectively.
Reprints and the articles , , and
Reprints , , , and
Reprints .
Reprints , , , , , , and
Translations
Includes Polish translations of , the three articles , , , and the three dissertations of , , and . The volume includes forewords from Jerzy Kuryłowicz and Roman Jakobson, with Kuryłowicz providing a biographical introduction and Jakobson an appraisal of Kruszewski's work.
Italian translation of
English translation of
Includes a revised version of by Robert Austerlitz and a new translation of by Gregory Eramian
Ukrainian translation of
Ukrainian translation of
Notes
References
Works cited