Events Pre-1600 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed by Constantine's uncle Alexander on his deathbed. 1505 – The M8.2–8.8 Lo Mustang earthquake affects Tibet and Nepal, causing severe damage in Kathmandu and parts of the Indo-Gangetic plain. 1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: In the Battle of Novara, Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille, forcing them to abandon Milan; Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored. 1523 – Swedish regent Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden and, marking a symbolic end to the Kalmar Union, 6 June is designated the country's national day.
1601–1900 1654 – Swedish Queen Christina abdicates her throne in favour of her cousin Charles Gustav and converts to Catholicism. 1674 – Shivaji is crowned as the first Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire at Raigad Fort. 1762 – Seven Years' War: British forces begin the Siege of Havana and temporarily capture the city. 1813 – War of 1812: In the Battle of Stoney Creek, considered a critical turning point in the war, a British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force twice its size under William Winder and John Chandler. 1822 – Alexis St Martin is accidentally shot in the stomach, leading to William Beaumont's studies on digestion. 1832 – The June Rebellion in Paris is put down by the National Guard. 1844 – The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London. 1859 – Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales. The date is still celebrated as Queensland Day. 1862 – American Civil War: The First Battle of Memphis, a naval engagement fought on the Mississippi River, results in the capture of Memphis, Tennessee by Union forces from the Confederates. 1882 – The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River. 1889 – The Great Seattle Fire destroys all of downtown Seattle. 1892 – The Chicago "L" elevated rail system begins operation. 1894 – Governor Davis H. Waite orders the Colorado state militia to protect and support the miners engaged in the Cripple Creek miners' strike.
1901–present 1912 – The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska begins. It is the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century. 1918 – World War I: U.S. Marine Corps suffers its worst single day's casualties during the Battle of Belleau Wood while attempting to recapture the wood at Château-Thierry (the losses are exceeded at the Battle of Tarawa in November 1943). 1925 – The original Chrysler Corporation is founded by Walter Chrysler from the remains of the Maxwell Motor Company. 1933 – The first drive-in theater opens in Camden, New Jersey. 1934 – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 1942 – World War II: The United States Navy's victory over the Imperial Japanese Navy at the Battle of Midway is a major turning point in the Pacific Theater. All four Japanese fleet carriers taking part—, , and —are sunk, as is the heavy cruiser . The American carrier and the destroyer are also sunk. 1944 – World War II: Commencement of Operation Overlord: The Allied invasion of Normandy begins with the execution of Operation Neptune—commonly referred to as D-Day—the largest seaborne invasion in history. Nearly 160,000 Allied troops cross the English Channel with about 5,000 landing and assault craft, 289 escort vessels, and 277 minesweepers participating. By the end of the day, the Allies have landed on five invasion beaches and are pushing inland. 1944 – World War II: Capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges by British paratroopers, also known as Operation Coup de Main (incorrectly referred to as Operation Deadstick.) 1966 – March Against Fear: African-American civil rights activist James Meredith is wounded in an ambush by white sniper James Aubrey Norvell. Meredith and Norvell are photographed by Jack R. Thornell, whose photo will receive the 1967 Pulitzer Prize in Photography, the last one to be awarded in the category."Photography". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2023-22-05. 1971 – Soyuz 11 is launched. The mission ends in disaster when all three cosmonauts, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev are suffocated by uncontrolled decompression of the capsule during re-entry on 29 June. 1971 – Hughes Airwest Flight 706 collides with a McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II of the United States Marine Corps over the San Gabriel Mountains, killing 50. 1975 – British referendum results in continued membership of the European Economic Community, with 67% of votes in favour. 1976 – Chief Minister of Sabah Faud Stephens, Peter Joinud Mojuntin, and several other politicians are killed in a plane crash near Kota Kinabalu International Airport in Malaysia. 1982 – 1982 Lebanon War: The war begins as forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon during Operation Peace for the Galilee, eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut. 1985 – The grave of "Wolfgang Gerhard" is opened in Embu, Brazil; the exhumed remains are later proven to be those of Josef Mengele, Auschwitz's "Angel of Death"; Mengele is thought to have drowned while swimming in February 1979. 1992 – Copa Airlines Flight 201 breaks apart in mid-air and crashes into the Darién Gap in Panama, killing all 47 aboard. 1993 – Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat wins the first presidential election in Mongolia. 1994 – China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 crashes near Xi'an Xianyang International Airport, killing all 160 people on board. 2002 – Eastern Mediterranean event. A near-Earth asteroid estimated at ten meters in diameter explodes over the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Libya. The explosion is estimated to have a force of 26 kilotons, slightly more powerful than the Nagasaki atomic bomb. 2017 – Syrian civil war: The Battle of Raqqa begins with an offensive by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to capture the city from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). 2023 – Russo-Ukrainian war: The Kakhovka Dam is destroyed. 2024 – The launch of SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 4 (IFT-4)
Births
Pre-1600 1436 – Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller von Königsberg), German mathematician, astronomer, and bishop (died 1476) 1519 – Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (died 1603) 1599 – Diego Velázquez (date of baptism), Spanish painter and educator (died 1660)
1601–1900 1606 – Pierre Corneille, French playwright and producer (died 1684) 1622 – Claude-Jean Allouez, French-American missionary and explorer (died 1689) 1714 – Joseph I of Portugal, King of Portugal from 31 July 1750 until his death (died 1777) 1755 – Nathan Hale, American soldier (died 1776) 1756 – John Trumbull, American soldier and painter (died 1843) 1799 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian author and poet (died 1837) 1810 – Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin, German philologist and scholar (died 1856) 1825 – Friedrich Bayer, German pharmacist, founded Bayer (died 1880) 1841 – Eliza Orzeszkowa, Polish author and publisher (died 1910) 1843 – Henriette Wulfsberg, Norwegian school owner and writer (died 1906) 1850 – Karl Ferdinand Braun, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate in 1909 for physics (died 1918) 1851 – Angelo Moriondo, Italian inventor of the espresso machine (died 1914) 1857 – Aleksandr Lyapunov, Russian mathematician and physicist (died 1918) 1862 – Henry Newbolt, English historian, author, and poet (died 1938) 1867 – David T. Abercrombie, American entrepreneur and co-founder of lifestyle brand Abercrombie & Fitch (died 1931) 1868 – Robert Falcon Scott, English sailor and explorer (died 1912) 1872 – Alix of Hesse, German princess and Russian empress (died 1918) 1872 – Arthur Henry Adams, Australian journalist and author (died 1936) 1875 – Thomas Mann, German author and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1955) 1890 – Ted Lewis, American singer, clarinet player, and bandleader (died 1971) 1891 – Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, Indian author and academic (died 1986) 1891 – Erich Marcks, German general in WWII who planned Operation Barbarossa (died 1944) 1896 – Henry Allingham, English World War I soldier and supercentenarian (died 2009) 1896 – Italo Balbo, Italian air marshal and fascist politician who played a key role in developing Mussolini's air force (died 1940) 1897 – Joel Rinne, Finnish actor (died 1981) 1898 – Jacobus Johannes Fouché, South African politician, 2nd State President of South Africa (died 1980) 1898 – Ninette de Valois, English ballerina, choreographer, and director (died 2001) 1900 – Manfred Sakel, Ukrainian-American psychiatrist and physician (died 1957)
1901–present 1901 – Jan Struther, English author, poet and hymnwriter who created the character Mrs Miniver (died 1953) 1901 – Sukarno, Indonesian engineer and politician, 1st President of Indonesia (died 1970) 1902 – Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (died 1947) 1903 – Aram Khachaturian, Armenian composer and conductor (died 1978) 1906 – Max August Zorn, German mathematician and academic who is noted for Zorn's lemma (died 1993) 1907 – Bill Dickey, American baseball player and manager who played in eight World Series, winning seven (died 1993) 1909 – Isaiah Berlin, Latvian-English historian and philosopher (died 1997) 1915 – Vincent Persichetti, American pianist and composer (died 1987) 1916 – Hamani Diori, Nigerien academic and politician, 1st President of Niger (died 1989) 1917 – Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman, founded the Tracinda Corporation (died 2015) 1918 – Kenneth Connor, English comedy actor (died 1993) 1918 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2009) 1919 – Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, English army officer and politician, 6th Secretary General of NATO (died 2018) 1920 – Virginia Oliver (died 2026), American lobster fisherwoman 1923 – V. C. Andrews, American author, illustrator, and painter (died 1986) 1923 – Jean Pouliot, Canadian broadcaster (died 2004) 1925 – Maxine Kumin, American poet and author (died 2014) 1925 – Frank Chee Willeto, American soldier and politician, 4th Vice President of the Navajo Nation and a noted code talker during World War II (died 2013) 1926 – Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (died 1998) 1929 – James Barnor, Ghanaian photographer 1929 – Sunil Dutt, Indian actor, director, producer, and politician (died 2005) 1930 – Frank Tyson, English-Australian cricketer, coach and journalist (died 2015) 1931 – Richard Hickock, American convicted murderer (died 1965) 1932 – David Scott, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut who was the commander of Apollo 15 1933 – Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013) 1934 – Albert II, King of the Belgians from 9 August 1993 to 21 July 2013 (abdicated) 1934 – Taichi Yamada, Japanese screenwriter and novelist (died 2023) 1935 – Jon Henricks, Australian swimmer; winner of two Olympic gold medals in 1956 1935 – Grant Green, American jazz guitarist and composer (died 1979) 1936 – D. Ramanaidu, Indian actor, director, and producer, founded Suresh Productions (died 2015) 1936 – Levi Stubbs, American soul singer; lead vocalist of the Four Tops (died 2008) 1939 – Louis Andriessen, Dutch pianist and composer (died 2021) 1939 – Gary U.S. Bonds, American singer-songwriter 1939 – Marian Wright Edelman, American child rights activist 1939 – Eddie Giacomin, Canadian Hockey goaltender 1940 – Willie John McBride, Northern Irish rugby player who toured with the British Lions five times 1941 – Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-born American journalist (died 2012)