Events Pre-1600 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. 420 – Having usurped the throne of Emperor Gong of Jin, Liu Yu proclaims himself Emperor of the Liu Song dynasty.According to Liu Yu's biography in Book of Song, he crowned himself emperor on the dingmao day of the 6th month of the 1st year of the Yongchu era of his reign. This corresponds to 10 Jul 420 in the Julian calendar. (永初元年夏六月丁卯，設壇於南郊，即皇帝位...) Song Shu, vol. 03 518 – Justin I is crowned Byzantine Emperor by the patriarch of Constantinople the day after the death of emperor Anastasius. 645 – Isshi Incident: Prince Naka-no-Ōe and Fujiwara no Kamatari assassinate Soga no Iruka during a coup d'état at the imperial palace. 988 – The Norse King Glúniairn recognises Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland, and agrees to pay taxes and accept Brehon Law; the event is considered to be the founding of the city of Dublin. 1212 – The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground. 1290 – Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary, is assassinated at the castle of Körösszeg (modern-day Cheresig in Romania). 1460 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes King Henry VI prisoner in the Battle of Northampton. 1499 – The Portuguese explorer Nicolau Coelho returns to Lisbon after discovering the sea route to India as a companion of Vasco da Gama. 1512 – The Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre commences with the capture of Goizueta. 1519 – Zhu Chenhao declares the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor a usurper, beginning the Prince of Ning rebellion, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture Nanjing. 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England. 1584 – William I of Orange is assassinated in his home in Delft, Holland, by Balthasar Gérard.
1601–1900 1645 – English Civil War: The Battle of Langport takes place. 1668 – Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1671): Notable Buccaneer Henry Morgan with an English Privateer force lands at Porto Bello in an attempt to capture the fortified and lucrative Spanish city. 1778 – American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain. 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River delta. 1806 – The Vellore Mutiny is the first instance of a mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company. 1832 – U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States. 1850 – U.S. President Millard Fillmore is sworn in, a day after becoming president upon Zachary Taylor's death. 1877 – The then-villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain. 1882 – War of the Pacific: Chile suffers its last military defeat in the Battle of La Concepción when a garrison of 77 men is annihilated by a 1,300-strong Peruvian force, many of them armed with spears. 1883 – War of the Pacific: Chileans led by Alejandro Gorostiaga defeat Andrés Avelino Cáceres's Peruvian army at the Battle of Huamachuco, hastening the end of the war. 1890 – Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.
1901–present 1920 – Arthur Meighen becomes Prime Minister of Canada. 1921 – Belfast's Bloody Sunday occurs with 20 killings, at least 100 wounded and 200 homes destroyed during rioting and gun battles in Belfast, Northern Ireland.Parkinson, Alan F. Belfast's Unholy War. Four Courts Press, Dublin 2004; ISBN 1-85182-792-7, pg. 154. 1924 – Paavo Nurmi wins the 1,500 m and 5,000 m events at the Paris Olympics, with just an hour between the two races. 1925 – Scopes trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins of John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act. 1927 – Kevin O'Higgins TD, Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, is assassinated by the IRA. 1938 – Howard Hughes begins a 91-hour airplane flight around the world that will set a new record. 1940 – World War II: The Vichy government is established in France. 1940 – World War II: Six days before Adolf Hitler issues his Directive 16 to the combined Wehrmacht armed forces for Operation Sea Lion, the Kanalkampf shipping attacks begin against British maritime convoys in the leadup to initiating the Battle of Britain. 1941 – Jedwabne pogrom: Massacre of Polish Jews living in and near the village of Jedwabne. 1942 – World War II: An American pilot spots a downed, intact Mitsubishi A6M Zero on Akutan Island (the "Akutan Zero"), which the US Navy then uses to learn the aircraft's flight characteristics. 1943 – World War II: Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, begins. 1947 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah is recommended as the first Governor-General of Pakistan by the British Prime Minister, Clement Attlee. 1948 – The official establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). 1951 – Korean War: Armistice negotiations begin at Kaesong. 1962 – Telstar, the world's first communications satellite, is launched into orbit. 1966 – The Chicago Freedom Movement, co-founded by Martin Luther King Jr., holds a rally at Soldier Field in Chicago; as many as 60,000 people attend. 1967 – New Zealand decimalises its former currency to the modern-day New Zealand dollar. 1973 – The Bahamas gains full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations. 1974 – An EgyptAir Tupolev Tu-154 stalls and crashes at Cairo International Airport, killing all six people on board. 1976 – Four mercenaries (one American and three British) are executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial. 1978 – President Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauritania is ousted in a bloodless coup d'état. 1985 – The Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland harbour by French DGSE agents, killing Fernando Pereira. 1985 – An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154 stalls and crashes near Uchkuduk, Uzbekistan (then part of the Soviet Union), killing all 200 people on board in the USSR's worst-ever airline disaster. 1991 – The South African cricket team is readmitted into the International Cricket Council following the end of Apartheid. 1991 – Boris Yeltsin takes office as the first elected President of Russia. 1991 – A Beechcraft Model 99 crashes near Birmingham Municipal Airport (now Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport) in Birmingham, Alabama, killing 13 of the 15 people on board. 1992 – In Miami, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations. 1995 – Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi is released from house arrest.Aung San Suu Kyi – Biography Nobel Prize Foundation 1995 – The NIOSH air filtration ratings update with the enactment of 42 CFR 84, previously published in the Federal Register. The new regulation includes rules governing the new N95 respirator standard. 1997 – In London, scientists report the findings of the DNA analysis of a Neanderthal skeleton which supports the "out of Africa theory" of human evolution, placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. 1997 – Miguel Ángel Blanco, a member of Partido Popular (Spain), is kidnapped (and later murdered) in the Basque city of Ermua by ETA members, sparking widespread protests. 1998 – Catholic Church sexual abuse cases: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claim they were sexually abused by Rudolph Kos, a former priest. 1999 – In women's association football, the United States defeats China in a penalty shoot-out at the Rose Bowl near Los Angeles to win the final match of the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. Watched by 90,185 spectators, the final sets a new world record for attendance at a women's sporting event. 2000 – EADS, the world's second-largest aerospace group is formed by the merger of Aérospatiale-Matra, DASA, and CASA. 2000 – Bashar al-Assad succeeds his father Hafez al-Assad as President of Syria. 2002 – The Massacre of the Innocents, a painting by Peter Paul Rubens, is sold at a Sotheby's auction for £49.5 million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Thomson. 2006 – A Pakistan International Airlines Fokker F27 Friendship crashes near Multan International Airport, killing all 45 people on board. 2007 – Erden Eruç begins the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world. 2007 – The Pakistani military storms the Lal Masjid mosque in Islamabad, which had been seized by Islamist militants. 2008 – Former Macedonian Interior Minister Ljube Boškoski is acquitted of all war-crimes charges by a United Nations tribunal. 2011 – Russian cruise ship Bulgaria sinks in the Volga River near Syukeyevo, Tatarstan, causing 122 deaths. 2011 – Amid widespread backlash to revelations of phone hacking, the British weekly tabloid newspaper News of the World publishes its final issue and shuts down after nearly 168 years in print. 2012 – The Episcopal Church USA allows same-sex marriage. 2016 – Portugal defeats France in the UEFA Euro 2016 Final to win their first European title. 2017 – Iraqi Civil War: Mosul is declared fully liberated from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant by the government of Iraq. 2018 – Tham Luang cave rescue: A group of Thai school children and their football coach are all rescued from a cave after being stuck there for 18 days; one Thai Navy SEAL diver dies during the rescue mission. 2019 – The final Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the line in Puebla, Mexico; the last of 5,961 "Special Edition" cars will be exhibited in a museum.
Births Pre-1600 1419 – Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (died 1471) 1451 – James III of Scotland (died 1488) 1501 – Cho Sik, Korean poet and scholar (died 1572) 1509 – John Calvin, French pastor and theologian (died 1564) 1515 – Francisco de Toledo, Viceroy of Peru (died 1582) 1517 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal (died 1571) 1533 – Antonio Possevino, Italian diplomat (died 1611) 1592 – Pierre d'Hozier, French genealogist and historian (died 1660)
1601–1900 1614 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, Irish-English politician (died 1686) 1625 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (died 1703) 1638 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (died 1685) 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German theologian and academic (died 1711) 1682 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician and astronomer (died 1716) 1723 – William Blackstone, English lawyer, judge, and politician (died 1780) 1724 – Eva Ekeblad, Swedish noble and agronomist (died 1786) 1752 – David Humphreys (soldier), American Revolutionary War colonel, politician, foreign minister and entrepreneur. 1752 – St. George Tucker, United States federal judge (died 1827)Coleman (1938), 1-2.Hamilton (2003), xii. 1792 – George M. Dallas, American lawyer and politician, 11th Vice President of the United States (died 1864) 1802 – Robert Chambers, Scottish geologist and publisher, co-founded Chambers Harrap (died 1871) 1802 – Alfred Ronalds, British fly fishing author, artisan and Australian pioneer (died 1860) 1804 – Emma Smith, American religious leader (died 1879) 1809 – Friedrich August von Quenstedt, German geologist and palaeontologist (died 1889) 1823 – Louis-Napoléon Casault, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (died 1908) 1830 – Camille Pissarro, Danish-French painter (died 1903) 1832 – Alvan Graham Clark, American astronomer (died 1897) 1835 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish violinist and composer (died 1880) 1839 – Adolphus Busch, German brewer, co-founded Anheuser-Busch (died 1913) 1856 – Nikola Tesla, Serbian-American electrical and mechanical engineer (died 1943) 1864 – Austin Chapman, Australian businessman and politician, 4th Australian Minister for Defence (died 1926) 1867 – Prince Maximilian of Baden (died 1929) 1871 – Marcel Proust, French novelist, critic, and essayist (died 1922) 1874 – Sergey Konenkov, Russian sculptor (died 1971) 1875 – Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator and activist (died 1955)