The 370th Flight Test Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit assigned to the 413th Flight Test Group, stationed at Edwards Air Force Base, California. It has been active in the flight test role since 2001.

The squadron was first activated in April 1942 as the 370th Bombardment Squadron, one of the original four squadrons of the 307th Bombardment Group. After training in the United States, it deployed to the Pacific, serving mainly in the Southwest Pacific Theater. The squadron earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for its actions in combat. Following V-J Day, it returned to the United States for inactivation.

The squadron was reactivated as a Strategic Air Command (SAC) bomber squadron in 1946. During the Korean War, it deployed to Okinawa and engaged in combat missions under the control of Far East Air Forces. Following the end of hostilities in Korea, it returned to the United States, converting to Boeing B-47 Stratojets. It flew the Stratojet until it was inactivated in 1965 as that plane was withdrawn from the SAC inventory.

Mission The squadron is assigned to the United States Air Force Reserve and conducts operational flight tests. The squadron embeds individual military reserve pilots into each of the 412th Wing's flight test squadrons. The squadron also operates Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers to provide air refueling for 412th flight tests, enabling extended testing on a single test mission.

History World War II The squadron was activated at Geiger Field, Washington on 15 April 1942 as the 370th Bombardment Squadron, one of the original four squadrons of the 307th Bombardment Group.Maurer, Combat Squadrons. pp. 457-61, 520-21Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 181-82 The squadron drew its initial cadre from the 301st Bombardment Group. It was first equipped with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, but while still in training converted to Consolidated B-24 Liberators. In addition to training with these heavy bombers, it also flew some antisubmarine patrols off the Pacific northwest coast. In October 1942, it began its movement to Hawaii. The ground echelon sailed from San Francisco on the , while the air echelon ferried the squadron's Liberators to Hawaii.

The squadron arrived at Kipapa Airfield, Hawaii in November 1942, continuing its training in the Liberator and flying search and antisubmarine patrols in defense of Hawaii as part of Seventh Air Force. In December 1942, it staged through Naval Air Station Midway to attack Wake Island.

In February 1943, the squadron was relieved from assignment to Seventh Air Force and began to operate under the control of Thirteenth Air Force, although it did not move to Koli Airfield, Guadalcanal, in the Solomon Islands until March. From Guadalcanal, it struck enemy airfields and military installations along with shipping in the Solomon Islands and Bismarck Archipelago. It helped neutralize enemy bases in Yap, Truk and Palau. On 29 March 1944, the squadron made an unescorted daylight attack on heavily defended airfields in the Truk Islands for which it was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC).

As American forces moved forward, it supported operations in the Philippines by strikes against enemy shipping in the southern Philippines and striking airfields on Leyte, Luzon, Negros, Ceram and Halmahera and supported Allied operations in the Netherlands East Indies. It flew an unescorted mission attacking the oil refineries at Balikpapan on Borneo on 3 October 1944, for which it was awarded a second DUC.

In the closing months of the war in the Pacific, it supported Australian forces on Borneo and attacked targets in Indochina. After V-J Day, it ferried liberated prisoners from Okinawa to the Philippines and flew patrols along the coast of China. It moved to Clark Field in the Philippines in September 1945 and returned to the United States for inactivation at the Port of Embarkation in January 1946.

Strategic Air Command The squadron was reactivated at MacDill Field, Florida in August 1946, when it assumed the personnel and Boeing B-29 Superfortresses of the 873d Bombardment Squadron, which was simultaneously inactivated.Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 792-93 Starting in September 1947, the squadron trained other Strategic Air Command (SAC) units for antisubmarine warfare.

In the summer of 1948, SAC placed the squadron on three hour alert for deployment to Europe during the Berlin Airlift. on 18 July, the squadron deployed to RAF Marham, remaining there until October, when it was replaced by elements of the 97th Bombardment GroupWillard, p. 40 Starting in February 1949, it conducted transition training for SAC B-29 aircrews. Ravenstein, pp. 153-56

Korean War Following the North Korean invasion of South Korea, the squadron deployed to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa in August 1950. The squadron began operations against North Korea on 8 August. For the following two months, the squadron concentrated its attacks on enemy transportation systems and industrial facilities. In November 1950, it carried out a concentrated attack on bridges over the Yalu River between Korea and Manchuria. It then concentrated on interdiction targets and air support of United Nations ground forces.Endicott, p. 76 On 10 February 1951, the 307th Bombardment Wing deployed to Kadena and absorbed the resources of the 307th Bombardment Group, including direct control of the squadron.Endicott, p. 76 The 307th Group existed as a "paper" unit until June 1952, when the squadron was assigned directly to the wing. On 23 May 1951, the squadron participated in a nighttime close air support effort, destroying enemy positions along the entire battlefront with radar-aimed fragmentation bombs. Until the end of the war, it continued attacks against industrial targets, bridges, troop concentrations, airfields, supply dumps, rail yards, enemy frontline positions, and lines of communication. By late 1952, the squadron flew short-range night missions, concentrating on enemy airfields and dams. As the truce talks neared their conclusion in July 1953, the squadron helped spoil a last minute enemy ground offensive, which earned it another DUC.

In August 1953 the squadron's assignment at Kadena was made permanent. It remained in Okinawa until November 1954 when the squadron returned to the United States.

Return to the United States

The squadron ferried its B-29s back to the United States for storage at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, then reformed at Lincoln Air Force Base, Nebraska in 1955 as a Boeing B-47 Stratojet medium jet bomber squadron.

From July to October 1956, the squadron deployed to RAF Lakenheath. Operation Reflex alert operations began for B-47s on 1 October 1957. Reflex placed Stratojets and Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighters at bases closer to the Soviet Union for 90 day periods, although individuals rotated back to home bases during unit Reflex deployments.Narducci, p. 2 From 1958, SAC's B-47 squadrons began to assume an alert posture at their home bases, reducing the amount of time spent on alert at overseas bases. General Thomas S. Power set an initial goal of maintaining one third of SAC’s planes on fifteen minute ground alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.Schake, p. 220 (note 43)

During the 1958 Lebanon Crisis, the United States deployed tactical forces in Operation Blue Bat. Meanwhile, in a show of force, SAC brought additional bombers to an increased alert status for five days in July. The squadron's alert commitment was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962.

On 22 October 1962, soon after the detection of Soviet missiles in Cuba, SAC began to disperse its B-47 force.Kipp, et al., p. 49 Dispersing bombers carried nuclear weapons in ferrying configuration.Kipp, et al., pp. 31-32 On 24 October SAC went to DEFCON 2, placing all squadron aircraft on alert.Kipp, et al., p. 35 On 27 November SAC returned to normal alert posture and began the return of squadron planes to Lincoln.Kipp et al., p. 61 With the phaseout of B-47 in 1965 it was inactivated.

Flight Testing The squadron was redesignated the 370th Flight Test Squadron and activated at Edwards Air Force Base, California in October 2001.

Lineage Constituted as the 370th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 28 January 1942 Activated on 15 April 1942 Redesignated 370th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy c. March 1944 Inactivated on 18 January 1946 Redesignated 370th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 15 July 1946 Activated on 4 August 1946 Redesignated 370th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 28 May 1948 Discontinued and inactivated, on 25 March 1965 Redesignated 370th Flight Test Squadron on 24 September 2001 Activated in the reserve on 1 October 2001

Assignments 307th Bombardment Group, 15 April 1942 – 18 January 1946 307th Bombardment Group, 4 August 1946 (attached to 307th Bombardment Wing after 10 February 1951) 307th Bombardment Wing, 16 June 1952 – 25 March 1965 413th Flight Test Group, 1 October 2003 – present

Stations

Geiger Field, Washington, 15 April 1942 Ephrata Army Air Base, Washington, 27 May 1942 Sioux City Army Air Base, Iowa, 29 September-21 October 1942 Kipapa Airfield, Hawaii, 2 November 1942 (operated from Henderson Field (Midway Atoll), 22–24 December 1942; Luganville Airfield, Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, after c. 6 February) Koli Airfield, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, 18 March 1943 Munda Airfield, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, 22 February 1944 Momote Airfield, Los Negros, Admiralty Islands, 13 May 1944 Wakde Airfield, Netherlands East Indies, 22 August 1944 (operated from Kornasoren (Yebrurro) Airfield, Noemfoor, Schouten Islands, c. 20 September-12 November 1944)

Wama Airfield, Morotai, Netherlands East Indies, 14 November 1944 Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 10 September-27 December 1945 Camp Stoneman, California, 16–18 January 1946 MacDill Field (later MacDill Air Force Base), Florida, 4 August 1946 (deployed to RAF Marham 18 July – 2 November 1948, operated from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, after c. 4 August 1950) Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, 15 August 1953 Lincoln Air Force Base, Nebraska, 19 November 1954 – 25 March 1965 (operated from RAF Lakenheath, England, 11 July-5 October 1956) Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1 October 2001 – present

Aircraft

Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942 Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1942–1945 Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1946–1954 Boeing B-47 Stratojet, 1955–1965 Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker 2001–present

Awards and campaigns