The USRA Heavy Mikado was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration (USRA), the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′D1′ in UIC classification. A total of 233 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a de facto standard design, which was built to the total of 957 locomotives including the USRA originals and all subsequent copies.Huddleston (2002).

Heavy Mikado used the same running gear as the USRA Light Mikado but were built to a higher axle load, larger cylinders and a much larger boiler for more power and steam-generating ability. Many aspects of the PRR L1s class were carried over to the Heavy Mikado, although not that locomotive's distinctive Belpaire firebox.Westcott (1960).

Original owners USRA originals +Table of original USRA allocation Railroad Quantity Class Road numbers Notes Central Railroad of New Jersey Built 1918-1925 by ALCO and Baldwin reclassified M63 in 1945.Drury pp.74, 76 Scrapped between 1947-1955. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Built 1919 by Baldwin. Several to Colorado and Southern Railway and Fort Worth and Denver Railroad.Drury pp.101, 106 Scrapped between 1954-1957. CB&Q affiliate Fort Worth and Denver Railway Drury pp.136, 138 Built 1919 by Baldwin. Scrapped 1958-1959 Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ("Milwaukee Road") Built 1918 ALCO. Renumbered 300–399 (not in order).Drury pp.116, 122 Scrapped between 1938-1956. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road") Drury pp. 95, 98 Built 1919 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1942-1944. El Paso and Southwestern Railroad Built 1918 by Baldwin. 4 to Great Northern Railway #3204–3208 in 1920 Scrapped by Great Northern 1947-1950.Keyes & Middleton p.102 Remainder scrapped between 1948-1955 by El Paso and Southwestern Railroad. Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Built 1918 by Baldwin. To Western Pacific Railroad in 1920.Drury p.430 Scrapped 1939-1941. Erie Railroad Drury pp.172, 180 Built 1918 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1950-1952. Great Northern Railway Built 1918 by ALCO. Renumbered 3200-3203. Scrapped between 1941-1942. Louisville and Nashville Railroad Drury pp.277, 230 Built 1918 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1943-1945. New York Central Railroad subsidiary Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad Drury pp. 268, 278 Built 1919 by ALCO and Baldwin. Scrapped between 1950-1952. New York Central Railroad subsidiary Pittsburgh, McKeesport and Youghiogheny Railroad Built 1918-1919 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1947-1948. Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway Built 1918. Later to New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad ("Nickel Plate Road") #671–690 in 1949.Drury p.287 Scrapped between 1950-1953. Total 233

Copies +Table of copies Railroad Quantity Class Road numbers Notes Central Railroad of New Jersey Built 1920-1923 by ALCO. Later reclassified M63 in 1945. Scrapped 1949-1958 Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville Railroad ("Monon") Built 1923 ALCO. Scrapped in 1946. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road") Built 1919 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1947-1960. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road") Built 1926 by ALCO Schenectady. Scrapped between 1949-1961. Louisville and Nashville Railroad Built 1918-1926 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1945-1960. Missouri Pacific Railroad Drury pp.248–249, 254 Built 1921-1923 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1949-1955. MP subsidiary St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway Built 1926 by ALCO-Brooks. Scrapped between 1949-1956. New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad ("Nickel Plate Road") Built 1918 by Lima. Scrapped in 1955. Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railway Built 1918 by Baldwin and ALCO. Scrapped between 1945-1953. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Drury pp.342, 345 Built 1923-1926 by Baldwin. Scrapped in 1952. Southern Railway Drury pp.369, 372–373 Built 1923-1928 by ALCO and Baldwin. Scrapped between 1952-1954. Southern subsidiary Alabama Great Southern Railroad Built 1926 by ALCO. Scrapped between 1941-1949. Southern subsidiary Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railroad Built 1926 by Baldwin and ALCO. Scrapped between 1950-1955. West Point Route (Atlanta and West Point Rail Road) Drury p.30 Built 1944 by Baldwin. Scrapped in 1949. West Point Route (Western Railway of Alabama) Built 1944 by Baldwin. Scrapped in 1952. Total 724 None of the originals built under USRA auspices or any of the subsequent copies were preserved.

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