This article on the demographics of Mongolia include population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. All data are from the National Statistics Office of Mongolia, unless otherwise mentioned. The population at 2020 was around 3.3 million.

Population size and structure

Structure of the population

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 1 313 968 1 333 577 2 647 545 100 0–4 146 516 141 981 288 497 10.90 5–9 110 117 106 097 216 214 8.17 10–14 120 064 116 801 236 865 8.95 15–19 130 560 127 085 257 645 9.73 20–24 147 472 144 711 292 183 11.04 25–29 124 490 123 493 247 983 9.37 30–34 111 976 110 546 222 522 8.40 35–39 100 819 101 564 202 383 7.64 40–44 88 273 90 994 179 267 6.77 45–49 77 475 81 281 158 756 6.00 50–54 58 009 64 073 122 082 4.61 55–59 33 384 38 605 71 989 2.72 60–64 22 106 27 347 49 453 1.87 65–69 17 262 20 970 38 232 1.44 70–74 13 081 16 251 29 332 1.11 75–79 7 252 11 365 18 617 0.70 80–84 3 258 5 908 9 166 0.35 85–89 1 378 3 037 4 415 0.17 90–94 383 1 076 1 459 0.06 95–99 80 322 402 0.02 100+ 13 70 83 <0.01Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 376 697 364 879 741 576 28.01 15–64 894 564 909 699 1 804 263 68.15 65+ 42 707 58 999 101 706 3.84

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 1 409 648 1 489 363 2 899 011 100 0–4 158 578 153 763 312 341 10.77 5–9 121 534 118 706 240 240 8.29 10–14 119 093 116 891 235 984 8.14 15–19 125 751 127 324 253 075 8.73 20–24 149 565 154 323 303 888 10.48 25–29 143 113 149 877 292 990 10.11 30–34 122 710 130 973 253 683 8.75 35–39 111 396 119 629 231 025 7.97 40–44 95 134 104 034 199 168 6.87 45–49 82 000 91 869 173 868 6.00 50–54 65 965 75 237 141 201 4.87 55–59 42 749 50 508 93 257 3.22 60–64 25 525 31 862 57 386 1.98 65–69 17 524 22 340 39 864 1.38 70–74 14 689 18 102 32 790 1.13 75–79 8 092 11 753 19 845 0.68 80–84 4 126 7 454 11 580 0.40 85–89 1 512 3 020 4 532 0.16 90–94 509 1 343 1 852 0.06 95–99 73 281 354 0.01 100+ 15 80 95 <0.01Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 399 205 389 360 788 565 27.20 15–64 963 903 1 035 630 1 999 533 68.97 65+ 46 540 64 373 110 913 3.83

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 1 576 930 1 620 090 3 197 020 100 0–4 196 803 186 456 383 259 11.99 5–9 188 352 179 962 368 314 11.52 10–14 140 208 134 666 274 874 8.60 15–19 110 141 106 626 216 767 6.78 20–24 113 271 112 114 225 385 7.05 25–29 130 143 129 056 259 199 8.11 30–34 143 491 143 359 286 850 8.97 35–39 119 621 120 173 239 794 7.50 40–44 106 169 109 049 215 218 6.73 45–49 93 162 98 495 191 657 5.99 50–54 76 257 86 183 162 440 5.08 55–59 64 238 76 928 141 166 4.42 60–64 41 768 54 458 96 226 3.01 65–69 22 808 32 535 55 343 1.73 70–74 12 878 19 928 32 806 1.03 75–79 9 984 15 179 25 163 0.79 80–84 4 918 8 293 13 211 0.41 85–89 2 069 4 792 6 861 0.21 90–94 527 1 370 1 897 0.06 95–99 110 401 511 0.02 100+ 12 67 79 <0.01Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 525 363 501 084 1 026 447 32.11 15–64 998 261 1 036 441 2 034 702 63.64 65+ 53 306 82 565 135 871 4.25

Youth

Urbanization Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi-nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.6% (2020 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.

Key: For population growth 1979–2008

Salmon cells indicate that the population has declined or experienced minimal (<1%) growth. Light green cells indicate a growth between 1–2%. Dark green cells indicate a growth of greater than or equal to 2%.

Rank Name Mongolian Inhabitants(1979 est.Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands – Mongolei, 1985Encyclopedia "Cartactual," published 01/01/85) Inhabitants(1989 est. National Statistical Office of Mongolia (accessed May 2, 2007)) Inhabitants(2000 census(2000) PADCO: Mongolia Urban Development and Housing Sector Strategy, Final Report, Vol. 2, published 2005.) Inhabitants(est. 2008) Change since 1979 Growth Percentage/Year AdministrativeUnit 1. Ulaanbaatar * Улаанбаатар 396,300 540,600711,900 1,008,738 612,438 +5.2% Ulaanbaatar 2. Erdenet Эрдэнэт 29,100 – 68,310 86,866 57,766 +6.6% Orkhon 3. Darkhan Дархан 49,100 – 65,791 74,300 25,200 +1.7% Darkhan-Uul 4. Choibalsan Чойбалсан 28,500 37,300 40,123 38,150 9,650 +1.1% Dornod 5. Mörön Мөрөн 16,500 21,300 28,903 36,082 19,582 +4.0% Khövsgöl 6. Nalaikh Налайх – – 23,600 29,115 5,515 +3.0% Ulaanbaatar 7. Khovd Ховд 17,500 24,100 25,765 28,601 11,101 +2.1% Khovd 8. Ölgii Өлгий 18,700 27,200 25,791 27,855 9,155 +1.6% Bayan-Ölgii 9. Bayankhongor Баянхонгор 16,300 21,200 22,066 26,252 9,952 +2.0% Bayankhongor 10. Baganuur Багануур – – 21,100 25,877 4,777 +1.8% Ulaanbaatar 11. Arvaikheer Арвайхээр 12,300 16,900 19,058 25,622 13,322 +3.6% Övörkhangai 12. Ulaangom Улаангом 17,900 22,900 25,993 21,406 3,506 +0.67% Uvs 13. Sükhbaatar Сүхбаатар 14,300 19,600 22,374 19,626 5,326 +1.2% Selenge 14. Sainshand Сайншанд 11,100 10,300 18,290 25,210 14,110 +4.2% Dornogovi 15. Dalanzadgad Даланзадгад 10,000 14,300 14,050 16,856 6,856 +2.3% Ömnögovi 16. Tsetserleg Цэцэрлэг 14,700 20,300 18,519 16,300 1,600 +0.37% Arkhangai 17. Uliastai Улиастай 15,400 20,300 18,154 16,240 840 +0.17% Zavkhan 18. Altai Алтай 13,700 18,800 15,741 15,800 2,100 +0.5% Govi-Altai 19. Züünkharaa Зүүнхараа 11,400 – 15,000(2004) – 3,600 +1.1% Selenge 20. Öndörkhaan Өндөрхаан 11,100 14,400 18,003 14,800 3,700 +1.1% Khentii 21. Zuunmod Зуунмод 9,800 15,800 14,837 14,568 4,768 +1.6% Töv 22. Baruun-Urt Баруун-Урт 11,600 16,100 15,133 12,994 1,394 +0.4% Sükhbaatar 23. Zamyn-Üüd Замын-Үүд – – 5,486 11,527 6,041 +13.8% Dornogovi 24. Bulgan Булган 11,300 12,800 12,681 11,198 −102 −0.03% Bulgan 25. Mandalgovi Мандалговь 10,200 16,100 14,517 10,299 99 +0.03% Dundgovi 26. Kharkhorin Хархорин – – 8,977(2003) – – n/a% Övörkhangai 27. Bor-Öndör Бор-Өндөр – – 6,406(2001) 8,902 2,496 +3.5% Khentii 28. Choir Чойр 4,500 – 8,983 7,998 3,498 +2.6% Govisümber 29. Sharyngol Шарынгол – – 8,902 7,798 −1,104 −2.8% Darkhan-Uul Mongolia Монгол улс 1,538,980 1,987,274 2,365,269 2,635,000 1,096,600 +2.38%

* – city proper, Nalaikh, Baganuur, Bagakhangai not included in this figure, they are separated in the table.

From List of cities in Mongolia

Vital statistics UN estimates PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1 1950–1955 33 000 18 000 15 000 40.0 21.4 18.6 5.60 182.9 1955–1960 39 000 19 000 20 000 43.0 20.7 22.2 6.30 164.9 1960–1965 49 000 19 000 30 000 47.9 18.4 29.5 7.50 134.5 1965–1970 54 000 19 000 34 000 44.8 15.9 28.8 7.50 118.6 1970–1975 59 000 19 000 40 000 43.0 13.9 29.1 7.50 106.5 1975–1980 63 000 21 000 42 000 39.6 13.1 26.5 6.65 104.5 1980–1985 69 000 22 000 47 000 38.1 12.4 25.7 5.75 102.3 1985–1990 75 000 22 000 53 000 36.6 10.8 25.9 4.90 91.7 1990–1995 62 000 22 000 40 000 27.6 9.6 18.0 3.30 66.6 1995–2000 52 000 20 000 33 000 22.1 8.3 13.8 2.50 54.7 2000–2005 47 000 17 000 30 000 18.9 7.2 11.7 2.08 43.5 2005–2010 62 000 17 000 45 000 22.4 6.9 15.5 2.40 36.0 2010–2015 26.1 6.3 19.8 2.84 2015–2020 24.4 6.3 18.1 2.90 2020–2025 20.5 6.4 14.1 2.73 2025–2030 18.1 6.7 11.4 2.59 1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Registered births and deaths

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000) Crude migration change (per 1000)Total fertility rate 1934 10,6228,9911,631 1935 738,20013,70012,0831,61718.616.42.2 −2.2 1936 737,90012,20917,049−4,84016.523.1−6.6 6.2 1937 740,00014,12614,747−62119.119.9−0.83.6 1938 747,60015,49215,10139120.720.20.5 9.8 1939 736,40014,09217,242−3,15019.123.4−4.3 −10.7 1940 738,60019,04615,9063,14025.821.54.3 −1.3 1941 743,800 1942 749,000 1943 754,200 1944 759,100 1945 759,300 1946 759,400 1947 759,700 1948 759,200 1949 758,700 1950 758,000 1951 772,40011,0157,5983,417 14.3 9.84.414.6 1952 786,10014,2189,2055,013 18.1 11.76.4 11.4 1953 799,90023,98910,95313,03630.013.716.3 1.3 1954 813,60021,39411,06810,32626.313.615.3 1.3 1955 827,30026,88911,82315,06632.513.318.2 −1.4 1956 845,50026,82510,57316,25231.712.519.2 2.8 1957 862,00032,5949,72222,87237.811.326.5 −7.0 1958 884,80034,6549,89524,75939.211.228.0 −1.5 1959 909,60036,6249,34527,27940.310.330.0 −2.0 1960 936,90041,20210,04331,15944.010.733.3 −3.3 1961 968,10040,03610,03030,00641.410.431.0 2.3 1962 998,00042,14410,19231,95242.210.232.0 −1.1 1963 1,017,10040,25012,16828,08239.011.827.2 −8.1 1964 1,045,20042,00111,21530,78639.610.629.0 −1.4 1965 1,076,00041,42713,07228,35538.012.026.0 3.5 1966 1,104,40043,15013,09730,05338.511.726.8 −0.4 1967 1,134,40043,65013,56330,08738.011.826.2 1.0 1968 1,164,50046,15913,08533,07438.811.127.7 −1.2 1969 1,197,60046,84913,90532,94438.611.527.1 1.3 1970 1,230,50050,15215,31434,83840.212.327.9 −0.4 1971 1,265,40049,91713,85736,06038.810.828.0 0.4 1972 1,301,40052,79614,72738,06940.011.428.8 −0.4 1973 1,339,50054,84113,61141,23040.310.030.3 −1.0 1974 1,380,70056,21812,55543,66340.19.031.1 −0.3 1975 1,424,40056,95314,44542,50839.410.029.4 2.3 1976 1,466,90055,22414,75740,46737.19.927.2 2.6 1977 1,512,40056,68315,49041,19337.010.126.9 4.1 1978 1,553,60060,29114,23846,05338.39.029.3 −2.1 1979 1,595,00060,23315,37544,85837.29.527.7 −1.1 1980 1,639,70063,06817,33145,73739.210.428.8 −0.86.411 1981 1,682,00062,75115,78746,96436.89.227.6 −1.8 1982 1,724,70064,21016,56847,64236.89.527.3 −1.9 1983 1,767,50065,02017,62047,40036.49.926.5 −1.7 1984 1,808,90068,12920,35947,77037.211.126.1 −2.7 1985 1,854,30069,62718,68850,93938.210.028.2 −3.15.476 1986 1,900,60071,80116,42455,37737.38.528.8 −3.8 1987 1,949,70071,43715,93055,50736.28.128.1 −2.3 1988 1,997,00075,83217,68958,14337.58.728.8 −4.5 1989 2,043,95473,59317,00056,59335.58.227.3 −3.8 1990 2,098,71073,20917,55955,65034.48.426.0 27.14.472 1991 2,165,34270,08318,73451,34932.48.723.7 −12.74.009 1992 2,167,79063,25818,28844,97029.28.420.8 −29.53.512 1993 2,165,13047,87117,60630,26522.18.114.0 −7.72.532 1994 2,189,39552,96216,54636,41624.27.616.6 −0.52.694 1995 2,224,94554,29316,79437,49924.47.516.9 −0.52.760 1996 2,259,50751,80617,55034,25622.97.815.1 0.72.506 1997 2,291,75049,48816,98032,50821.67.414.2 −0.42.351 1998 2,323,80949,25615,79933,45721.26.814.4 −0.32.304 1999 2,356,81349,46116,10533,35621.06.814.2 0.12.318 2000 2,388,29948,72115,47233,24920.46.513.9 −1.42.243 2001 2,417,75149,68515,99933,68620.66.614.0 −1.82.221 2002 2,449,02746,92215,85731,06519.26.512.7 1.02.076 2003 2,480,37445,72316,00629,71718.46.511.9 02.014 2004 2,508,41245,50116,40429,09718.16.511.6 −0.91.984 2005 2,536,40745,32616,48028,84617.96.511.4 0.21.968 2006 2,567,16849,09216,68232,41019.16.512.6 02.081 2007 2,601,85056,63616,25940,37721.76.215.5 −1.22.341 2008 2,643,20163,76815,41348,35524.15.818.3 −0.92.633 2009 2,691,11569,16716,91152,25625.76.319.4 −0.52.753 2010 2,738,62263,27018,29344,97723.16.716.4 0.12.431 2011 2,786,31769,85319,15550,69825.16.918.2 0.22.609 2012 2,839,70573,83917,76156,07826.06.319.7 0.22.741 2013 2,899,01179,78017,24762,53327.55.921.6 0.23.006 2014 2,963,11382,83916,52166,31828.05.622.4 03.120 2015 3,026,86482,13017,62064,51027.15.821.3 −0.73.015 2016 3,088,85679,92017,76362,15725.95.820.1 0.22.950 2017 3,148,91775,32117,35757,96423.95.518.4 0.22.790 2018 3,208,18978,44417,86460,58024.55.618.9 0.22.920 2019 3,267,67379,58018,40361,17724.45.618.8 −0.82.986 2020 3,332,06277,71617,04060,67623.44.818.6 02.936 2021 3,393,45573,25320,85652,39721.65.815.8 −0.22.947 2022 3,443,45866,91019,30147,60919.45.414.0 −0.22.710 2023 3,490,85966,23419,04147,19319.05.313.7 −0.42.705 2024 3,534,50359,64419,55040,09416.95.511.4 −0.52.478 2025 3,572,83556,22219,13437,08815.75.310.42.402

Current vital statistics