Events Pre-1600 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. 70 BC – Gaius Verres is found guilty of corruption after his defense lawyer Quintus Hortensius abandons the case as hopeless. 29 BC – Octavian holds the second of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. 1040 – King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as King of Scotland. 1136 – Abbasid Caliph al-Rashid Billah flees from Bagdhad, which had been besieged by an army of the Seljuk Turks under Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud for fifty days. 1183 – Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. 1264 – After tricking the Venetian galley fleet into sailing east to the Levant, the Genoese capture an entire Venetian trade convoy at the Battle of Saseno. 1352 – War of the Breton Succession: Anglo-Bretons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron. 1370 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, grants city privileges to Karlovy Vary. 1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383–85: Battle of Aljubarrota: Portuguese forces commanded by John I of Portugal defeat the Castilian army of John I of Castile. 1592 – The first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis. 1598 – Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.
1601–1900 1720 – The Spanish military Villasur expedition is defeated by Pawnee and Otoe warriors near present-day Columbus, Nebraska. 1784 – Russian colonization of North America: Awa'uq Massacre: The Russian fur trader Grigory Shelikhov storms a Kodiak Island Alutiit refuge rock on Sitkalidak Island, killing 500+ Alutiit. 1790 – The Treaty of Wereloe ends the 1788–1790 Russo-Swedish War. 1791 – Slaves from plantations in Saint-Domingue hold a Vodou ceremony led by houngan Dutty Boukman at Bois Caïman, marking the start of the Haitian Revolution. 1814 – A cease fire agreement, called the Convention of Moss, ends the Swedish–Norwegian War. 1816 – The United Kingdom formally annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, administering the islands from the Cape Colony in South Africa. 1842 – American Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida. 1848 – Oregon Territory is organized by act of Congress. 1848 – Pica Law (Legge Pica), a form of martial law, is established as the Italian government passes this anti-brigandage law to suppress resistance to the Unification of Italy. 1880 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, is completed. 1885 – Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint. 1893 – France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration. 1900 – Battle of Peking: The Eight-Nation Alliance occupies Beijing, China, in a campaign to end the bloody Boxer Rebellion in China.
1901–present 1901 – The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21. 1914 – World War I: Start of the Battle of Lorraine, an unsuccessful French offensive. 1917 – World War I: The Republic of China, which had heretofore been shipping labourers to Europe to assist in the war effort, officially declares war on the Central Powers, although it will continue to send to Europe labourers instead of combatants for the remaining duration of the war. 1920 – The 1920 Summer Olympics, having started four months earlier, officially open in Antwerp, Belgium, with the newly adopted Olympic flag and the Olympic oath being raised and taken at the Opening Ceremony for the first time in Olympic history. 1921 – Tannu Uriankhai, later Tuvan People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Soviet Russia). 1933 – Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn; destroying of land. 1935 – Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, creating a government pension system for the retired. 1936 – Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last known public execution in the United States. 1941 – World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims. 1947 – Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire as the Dominion of Pakistan, due to the partition of India. 1948 – An Idaho Department of Fish and Game program to relocate beavers known as Beaver drop occurred. This program relocated beavers from Northwestern Idaho to Central Idaho by airplane and then parachuting the beavers into the Chamberlain Basin. 1959 – Founding and first official meeting of the American Football League. 1967 – UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act 1967 declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal. 1969 – The Troubles: British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland as political and sectarian violence breaks out, marking the start of the 37-year Operation Banner. 1971 – Bahrain declares independence from Britain. 1972 – An Ilyushin Il-62 airliner crashes near Königs Wusterhausen, East Germany killing 156 people. 1974 – Turkey launches the second phase of the invasion of Cyprus, which eventually resulted in the Turkish occupation of 37% of Cyprus. 1980 – Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at the Gdańsk, Poland shipyards. 1994 – Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, also known as "Carlos the Jackal", is captured. 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is shot and killed by a Turkish security officer while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus. 2003 – A widescale power blackout affects the northeast United States and Canada. 2005 – Helios Airways Flight 522, en route from Larnaca, Cyprus to Prague, Czech Republic via Athens, crashes in the hills near Grammatiko, Greece, killing 121 passengers and crew. 2006 – Lebanon War: A ceasefire takes effect three days after the United Nations Security Council's approval of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, formally ending hostilities between Lebanon and Israel. 2006 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sixty-one schoolgirls killed in Chencholai bombing by Sri Lanka Air Force air strike. 2007 – The Kahtaniya bombings kill at least 500 people. 2013 – Egypt declares a state of emergency as security forces kill hundreds of demonstrators supporting former president Mohamed Morsi. 2013 – UPS Airlines Flight 1354 crashes short of the runway at Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport, killing both crew members on board. 2015 – The U.S. Embassy in Havana, Cuba re-opens after 54 years of being closed when Cuba–United States relations were broken off. 2018 – The collapse of the Ponte Morandi bridge in Genoa, Italy, left 16 people injured and 43 people killed. 2021 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake strikes southwestern Haiti, killing at least 2,248 people and causing a humanitarian crisis. 2022 – An explosion destroys a market in Armenia, killing six people and injuring dozens. 2023 – Former U.S. president Donald Trump is charged in Georgia along with 18 others in attempting to overturn the results of the 2020 election in that state, his fourth indictment of 2023.
Births Pre-1600 1479 – Catherine of York (died 1527) 1499 – John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English politician (died 1526) 1502 – Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Flemish painter (died 1550) 1530 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (died 1590) 1552 – Paolo Sarpi, Italian writer (died 1623) 1599 – Méric Casaubon, Swiss-English scholar and author (died 1671)
1601–1900 1642 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (died 1723) 1653 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English colonel and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica (died 1688) 1688 – Frederick William I of Prussia (died 1740) 1714 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (died 1789) 1737 – Charles Hutton, English mathematician and surveyor (died 1823) 1738 – Leopold Hofmann, Austrian composer and conductor (died 1793) 1742 – Pope Pius VII (died 1823) 1758 – Carle Vernet, French painter and lithographer (died 1836) 1777 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist (died 1851) 1802 – Letitia Elizabeth Landon, English poet and novelist (died 1838) 1814 – Charlotte Fowler Wells, American phrenologist and publisher (died 1901) 1817 – Alexander H. Bailey, American lawyer, judge, and politician (died 1874) 1840 – Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German-Austrian psychologist and author (died 1902) 1847 – Robert Comtesse, Swiss lawyer and politician (died 1922) 1848 – Margaret Lindsay Huggins, Anglo-Irish astronomer and author (died 1915) 1851 – Doc Holliday, American dentist and gambler (died 1887) 1860 – Ernest Thompson Seton, American author, artist, and naturalist (died 1946) 1863 – Ernest Thayer, American poet and author (died 1940) 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician and academic (died 1952) 1866 – Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician and academic (died 1962) 1867 – Cupid Childs, American baseball player (died 1912) 1867 – John Galsworthy, English novelist and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1933) 1871 – Guangxu Emperor of China (died 1908) 1875 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian-Lithuanian painter and illustrator (died 1957) 1876 – Alexander I of Serbia (died 1903) 1881 – Francis Ford, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1953) 1883 – Ernest Everett Just, American biologist and academic (died 1941) 1886 – Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, Canadian-American physicist and academic (died 1950) 1889 – Otto Tief, Estonian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia (died 1976) 1890 – Bruno Tesch, German chemist and businessman (died 1946) 1892 – Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English pianist, composer, and critic (died 1988) 1894 – Frank Burge, Australian rugby league player and coach (died 1958) 1895 – Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (died 1973) 1895 – Amaza Lee Meredith, American architect (died 1984) 1896 – Albert Ball, English fighter pilot (died 1917) 1896 – Theodor Luts, Estonian director and cinematographer (died 1980) 1900 – Margret Boveri, German journalist (died 1975)
1901–present 1909 – Stuff Smith, American jazz violinist, vocalist, and composer (died 1967) 1910 – Nüzhet Gökdoğan, Turkish astronomer and mathematician (died 2003) 1910 – Willy Ronis, French photographer (died 2009) 1910 – Pierre Schaeffer, French composer and producer (died 1995) 1912 – Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist and academic (died 1985) 1913 – Hector Crawford, Australian director and producer (died 1991) 1913 – Paul Dean, American baseball player (died 1981) 1914 – Herman Branson, American physicist, chemist, and academic (died 1995) 1915 – B. A. Santamaria, Australian political activist and publisher (died 1998) 1916 – Frank and John Craighead, American naturalists (twins, Frank d. 2001, John d. 2016) 1916 – Wellington Mara, American businessman (died 2005) 1923 – Alice Ghostley, American actress (died 2007) 1924 – Sverre Fehn, Norwegian architect, designed the Hedmark Museum (died 2009) 1924 – Georges Prêtre, French conductor (died 2017) 1925 – Russell Baker, American critic and essayist (died 2019) 1926 – René Goscinny, French author and illustrator (died 1977) 1926 – Buddy Greco, American singer and pianist (died 2017) 1928 – Lina Wertmüller, Italian director and screenwriter (died 2021) 1929 – Giacomo Capuzzi, Italian Roman Catholic prelate, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lodi from 1989 to 2005 (died 2021). 1929 – Dick Tiger, Nigerian boxer (died 1971) 1930 – Arthur Latham, British politician and Member of Parliament (died 2016) 1930 – Earl Weaver, American baseball player and manager (died 2013)